Researching visual materials: towards a critical visual methodology -- How to use this book -- 'The good eye': looking at pictures using compositional interpretation -- Content analysis: counting what you (think you) see -- Semiology: laying bare the prejudices beneath the smooth surface of the beautiful -- Psychoanalysis: visual culture, visual pleasure, visual disruption -- Discourse analysis I: text, intertextuality, context -- Discourse analysis II: institutions and ways of seeing -- Audience studies: studying how television gets watched -- An anthropological approach: directly observing the social life of visual objects -- Making photographs as part of a research project: photo-elicitation, photo-documentation and other uses of photos -- Visual methodologies: a review.