""Contents""; ""Democracy and Regulation: An Introduction ""; ""1 Secrecy, Democracy and Regulation ""; ""2 Regulating in Public ""; ""Open information versus secrecy ""; ""Who is the public? ""; "" Consultation is not participation ""; ""Employees, service quality and democracy ""; ""Failings of the American system ""; ""3 Competition as Substitute for Regulation? Britain to California 28Crisis in California: electricity competition comes to America ""; ""Manipulation and monopoly abuse are impossible to prevent ""; ""Utility services are different ""

"" Deregulation creates new rules and bureaucracies """"The problem of volatility and new inefficiencies ""; ""The union worker, service quality and deregulation ""; ""Price discrimination ""; ""Democratic control of deregulation ""; ""4 Re- regulation is not Deregulation ""; ""Recent history ""; ""Principles ""; ""Restructuring the industry ""; ""Market power ""; ""Market segmentation ""; "" Competition for domestic customers 48Telephones: the new marketplace is raising prices ""; ""5 The Open Regulatory Process ""; ""The process ""; ""Principles ""; ""The regulators ""

""6 Social Pricing """"Affordability programs ""; ""Consumer protections ""; ""Education programs ""; ""Efficiency and weatherization programs ""; ""Benefits ""; ""7 Issues that are Publicly Decided ""; ""Service quality, safety, prices and employment ""; ""Choice of utility ownership form ""; ""Universal service, including extension of service ""; ""Other regulatory agencies ""; ""Choice of technology ""; ""8 An Alternative: Democratic Negotiations ""; ""The filing ""; ""Intervention ""; ""Mediation ""; ""Discovery ""; ""An energy conservation case ""; ""Results of negotiations ""

""9 Be There: A Guide to Public Participation 98Aim high """"Become informed ""; ""Demand participation ""; ""Forge coalitions ""; ""Persist ""; ""10 A History of Democratic Utility Regulation in the US ""; ""The early years ""; ""1880 1907 ""; ""Direct current ""; ""Alternating current ""; ""Public versus private ownership ""; ""1907 1929 ""; ""Regulation of IOUs ""; ""Development of holding companies ""; ""1930 1970 ""; ""Collapse of Insull s empire ""; ""Federal action ""; ""Public Utility Holding Company Act ""; ""Federal Power Act""; ""1980�2002""; ""Emerging deregulation""

""11 Regulating the Multinational Utility """"United States ""; ""Brazil ""; ""Bolivia ""; ""Democracy: a value in itself ""; ""12 Failed Experiments in the UK and the US ""; ""The United Kingdom""; ""The United States""; ""Maintenance and job cutbacks ""; ""Roller- coaster prices ""; ""Few benefits for domestic consumers ""; ""Much of the electricity debacle was predictable ""; ""The democratic reaction ""; ""13 The Biggest Failures: California and Enron ""; ""California ""; ""Enron's rise and fall""; ""The build-up ""; ""Creative accounting ""; ""The downfall ""; ""The money trail ""