The international economy, 1820-1913. The causes of the growth of the international economy in the nineteenth century. International long-term capital movements, 1820-1913. International migration, 1820-1913. Commercial policy in the nineteenth century. Foreign trade in the nineteenth century. The growth of a multilateral payments network. The growth of an international monetary system: the gold standard before 1913. International aspects of economic growth in the nineteenth century: the spread of industrialization. International aspects of economic growth in the nineteenth century: the export economies. Trends and fluctuations in the international economy before 1913 -- The interwar years.