Introduction -- t Orientation to personality -- Psychodynamic approaches -- Psychodynamic theories: Freud's conceptions -- Ego psychology and object relations -- Psychodynamic personality assessment -- Psychodynamic processes -- Trait and biological approaches -- Trait theories: conceptions -- Measuring individual differences -- Genetic and biochemical roots of personality -- Traits: biological bases and behavioral expressions -- Phenomenological approaches -- Phenomenological conceptions -- The internal view -- Behavioral approaches -- Behavioral conceptions -- Analyzing behavior -- Behavior change -- Social cognitive-affective approaches -- Social cognitive-affective conceptions -- Cognitive-affective processes -- Self-regulation and control -- Person-situation interaction -- Epilogue and perspective.