Looking beyond the state but not ignoring it / Zehra F. Kabasakal Arat -- Human rights and non-state actors : theoretical puzzles / Michael Goodhart -- Quantifying violations : accounting for the act of non-state actors / Herbert Spirer and Louise Spirer -- The role of corporate actors : realizing rights in the workplace : corporate codes of conduct and empowerment from below / Reiner Braun and Judie Gearhart -- Multinational corporations as non-state actors in the human rights arena / James L. Gunderson -- Royal Dutch Shell : how deep the changes / Paul Martin -- Non-state actors in conflict situations -- Global civil society actors and September 11th / Richard Falk -- On the accountability of non-state armed groups / George J. Andreopoulos -- Bio-ethics, medicine and human rights -- The genetic revolution and human rights: brave new world revisited? peter juviler -- Affordable and accessible drugs for developing countries : recent developments / Ruth Macklin -- Prior agreements in international clinical trials : ensuring the benefits of research to developing countries / Alice Page -- Cultural forces, practices, and institutional challenges -- The impact of the news media on human rights / Anne Nelson -- No empty vessel : media roles in human rights / Thomas R. Lansner -- The challenge of slavery and the emergence of non-governmental organizations / Kevin Bales -- Violating dignity : the struggles of battered black women on welfare / Dana-Ain Davis -- Non-state actors and religious freedom in Europe / Willie Fautre -- Conclusion : rethinking the human rights universe / George J. Andreopoulos, Zehra F. Kabasakal Arat, Peter Juviler -- Notes on contributors -- Index -- List of figures and tables -- Figure 1.1. Parties held responsible for violating or promoting human rights -- Figure 1.2. Global actors as violators and protectors and their interactions -- Table 1.1. Matrix of interactions among global actors : pressuring/encouraging the others to promote or violate human rights -- Table 3.1. Claims in the example with information needed to five substance and credibility.