Preface / Fritz Moser and Lauren Jones Young -- Introduction / Edward H. Haertel, Pamela A. Moss, Diana C. Pullin, and James Paul Gee -- Assessment through the lens of "opportunity to learn" / Diana C. Pullin and Edward H. Haertel -- A sociological perspective on opportunity to learn and assessment / Hugh Mehan -- A sociocultural perspective on opportunity to learn / James Paul Gee -- Individualizing assessment and opportunity to learn: lessons from the education of students with disabilities / Diana C. Pullin -- Cultural modeling as opportunity to learn: making problem solving explicit in culturally robust classrooms and implications for assessment / Carol D. Lee -- Opportunities to learn in practice and identity / James G. Greeno and Melissa S. Gresalfi -- Game-like learning: an example of situated learning and implications for opportunity to learn / James Paul Gee -- Sociocultural implications for assessment I: classroom assessment / Pamela A. Moss -- Issues of structure and issues of scale in assessment from a situative/sociocultural perspective / Robert J. Mislevy -- Sociocultural implications for assessment II: professional learning, evaluation, and accountability / Pamela A. Moss, Brian J. Girard, and James G. Greeno -- Assessment, equity, and opportunity to learn / Diana C. Pullin.