1. Mass communication : Lazarsfeld, Adorno, Merton, USA, 1930s and 1940s -- 2. Mass culture : Horkheimer, Adorno, Brecht, Benjamin, Germany/USA, 1930s and 1940s -- 3. The end of the masses : Merton, Lazarsfeld, Riesman, Katz, USA, 1940s and 1950s -- 4. Culture and communication : Leavis, Hoggart, Williams, England, 1930s-1950s -- 5. Communication and technology : Innis, McLuhan, Canada, 1930s-1950s -- 6. Communication as interaction : Goffman and Garfinkel, USA, 1950s-1970s -- 7. Communication and language : Austin, Grice, Sacks, Levinson, UK/USA, 1950s-1970s -- 8. Communication as ideology, Hall, UK, 1960s and 1970s -- 9. Communication and publicness : Habermas, Germany (USA/UK), 1950s-1990s.