1. General introduction -- Pt. I. Studies of thinkers and problems -- 2. The periods of modern philosophy ; Characteristics of the first period ; Illustration by means of the religious aspect of Spinozism -- 3. The rediscovery of the inner life : from Spinoza to Kant -- 4. Kant -- 5. Fichte -- 6. The romantic school in philosophy -- 7. Hegel -- 8. Schopenhauer -- 9. The rise of the doctrine of evolution -- Pt. II. Suggestions of doctrine -- 10. Nature and evolution: the outer world and its paradox -- 11. Reality and idealism : the inner world and its meaning -- 12. Physical law and freedom : the world of description and the world of appreciation -- 13. Optimism, pessimism and other moral order -- Appendix A. Syllabus of the lectures -- Appendix B. On Kant's transcendental deduction of the categories -- Appendix C. The Hegelian theory of universals.