This report "addresses three main questions: 1. What can agriculture do for development? Agriculture has effectively served as a basis for growth and reduced poverty in many countries, but many more countries could benefit if governments and donors were to reverse years of policy neglect and remedy their underinvestment and misinvestment in agriculture. 2. What are the effective instruments in using agriculture for development? They include increasing the assets of poor households, making smallholders - and agriculture in general - more productive, and creating opportunities in the rural nonfarm economy that the rural poor can seize. 3. How can agriculture-for-development agendas best be implemented? By designing policies and decision-making processes suited to each country's economic and social conditions, mobilizing political support, and improving the governance of agriculture.