History and development of rules of evidence -- Approach to the study of criminal evidence -- Burden of proof -- Proof via evidence -- Judicial notice -- Presumptions, inferences, and stipulations -- Relevancy and materiality -- Competency of evidence and witnesses -- Examination of witnesses -- Privileges -- Opinions and expert testimony -- Hearsay rule and exceptions -- Documentary evidence -- Real evidence -- Results of examinations and tests -- Evidence unconstitutionally obtained.