1. The Function of Political Parties: A Critique of the Literature and the Approach / Howard A. Scarrow --2. Political Parties in Western Democracies: Some Sceptical Reflections / Anthony King -- 3. Political Parties: The Functional Approach and the Structural Alternative / William R. Schonfeld -- 4. Formalizing and Testing Durverger's Theories on Political Parties /Kenneth Janda and Desmond S. King -- 5. On the Theory of Party Organization / Joseph A. Schlesinger -- 6. Dominant Coalition and Organizational Stability /Angelo Panebianco -- 7. The "Paradox of Enrollment": Assessing the Costs and Benefits of Party Memberships /Susan E. Scarrow -- 8. The Evolution of Party Organizations in Europe: The Three Faces of Party Organization / Richard S. Katz and Peter Mair -- 9. Opinion Structure of Political Parties: The Special Law of Curvilinear Disparity / John D. May -- 10. The Internal Politics of Parties: The Law of Curvilinear Disparity Revisited / Herbert Kitschelt.

11. Factionalism in West European Parties: A Framework for Analysis / David Hine -- 12. Formation and Success of New Parties: A Cross-National Analysis /Robert Harmel and John D. Robertson -- 13. New Politics and Party Systems: The Emergence of a New Type of Party? / Thomas Poguntke -- 14. The Silent Counter-Revolution: Hypotheses on the Emergence of Extreme Right-wing Parties in Europe / Piero Ignazi --15. Party Decline in the West: A Skeptic's View.

16. An Integrated Theory of Party Howard L. Reiter -- 16. An Integrated Theory of Party Goals and Party Change / Robert Harmel and Kenneth Janda -- 17. Recasting Social Democracy in Europe: A Nested Games Explanation of Strategic Adjustment in Political Parties / Thomas A. Koelble -- 18. Class Structure and Social Democratic Party Strategy /Herbert Kitschelt -- 19. Party System Change: The Catch-all Thesis Revisited / Steven B. Wolinetz.