Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Executive summary -- The framework for SSN reform in MENA -- The challenge : poverty, exclusion, and vulnerability to shocks -- The current state of social safety nets in MENA -- The political economy of SSN reforms : MENA speaks! -- The way forward : how to make MENA safety nets more effective and innovative -- Annex 1.1: Posters presenting global showcase of best practice in SSN -- Annex 2.1: Demographic statistics and poverty incidence for selected mena countries -- Annex 2.2: Description of the data used for the micro-analysis -- Annex 3.1: Methodological annex -- Annex 3.2: Non-subsidy SSN programs included in household survey assessment -- Annex 3.3: SSN programs in MENA SSN inventory -- Annex 4.1: MENA speaks questionnaire -- Annex 4.2: Awareness of programs and subsidies.