pt. 1 Foundations -- 1.Atomic structure -- The structures of hydrogenic atoms -- 1.1.Spectroscopic information -- 1.2.Some principles of quantum mechanics -- 1.3.Atomic orbitals -- Many-electron atoms -- 1.4.Penetration and shielding -- 1.5.The building-up principle -- 1.6.The classification of the elements -- 1.7.Atomic properties -- Further Reading -- Exercises -- Tutorial Problems -- 2.Molecular structure and bonding -- Lewis structures -- 2.1.The octet rule -- 2.2.Resonance -- 2.3.The VSEPR model -- Valence bond theory -- 2.4.The hydrogen molecule -- 2.5.Homonuclear diatomic molecules -- 2.6.Polyatomic molecules -- Molecular orbital theory -- 2.7.An introduction to the theory -- 2.8.Homonuclear diatomic molecules -- 2.9.Heteronuclear diatomic molecules -- 2.10.Bond properties -- 2.11.Polyatomic molecules -- 2.12.Computational methods -- Structure and bond properties -- 2.13.Bond length -- 2.14.Bond strength --

2.15.Electronegativity and bond enthalpy -- 2.16.Oxidation states -- Further Reading -- Exercises -- Tutorial Problems -- 3.The structures of simple solids -- The description of the structures of solids -- 3.1.Unit cells and the description of crystal structures -- 3.2.The close packing of spheres -- 3.3.Holes in close-packed structures -- The structures of metals and alloys -- 3.4.Polytypism -- 3.5.Nonclose-packed structures -- 3.6.Polymorphism of metals -- 3.7.Atomic radii of metals -- 3.8.Alloys and interstitials -- Ionic solids -- 3.9.Characteristic structures of ionic solids -- 3.10.The rationalization of structures -- The energetics of ionic bonding -- 3.11.Lattice enthalpy and the Born-Haber cycle -- 3.12.The calculation of lattice enthalpies -- 3.13.Comparison of experimental and theoretical values -- 3.14.The Kapustinskii equation -- 3.15.Consequences of lattice enthalpies -- Defects and nonstoichiometry --

3.16.The origins and types of defects -- 3.17.Nonstoichiometric compounds and solid solutions -- The electronic structures of solids -- 3.18.The conductivities of inorganic solids -- 3.19.Bands formed from overlapping atomic orbitals -- 3.20.Semiconduction -- Further Information: the Born-Mayer equation -- Further Reading -- Exercises -- Tutorial Problems -- 4.Acids and bases -- Brønsted acidity -- 4.1.Proton transfer equilibria in water -- Characteristics of Brønsted acids -- 4.2.Periodic trends in aqua acid strength -- 4.3.Simple oxoacids -- 4.4.Anhydrous oxides -- 4.5.Polyoxo compound formation -- Lewis acidity -- 4.6.Examples of Lewis acids and bases -- 4.7.Group characteristics of Lewis acids -- Reactions and properties of Lewis acids and bases -- 4.8.The fundamental types of reaction -- 4.9.Factors governing interactions between Lewis acids and bases -- 4.10.Thermodynamic acidity parameters -- Nonaqueous solvents -- 4.11.Solvent levelling --

4.12.The solvent-system definition of acids and bases -- 4.13.Solvents as acids and bases -- Applications of acid-base chemistry -- 4.14.Superacids and superbases -- 4.15.Heterogeneous acid-base reactions -- Further Reading -- Exercises -- Tutorial Problems -- 5.Oxidation and reduction -- Reduction potentials -- 5.1.Redox half-reactions -- 5.2.Standard potentials and spontaneity -- 5.3.Trends in standard potentials -- 5.4.The electrochemical series -- 5.5.The Nernst equation -- Redox stability -- 5.6.The influence of pH -- 5.7.Reactions with water -- 5.8.Oxidation by atmospheric oxygen -- 5.9.Disproportionation and comproportionation -- 5.10.The influence of complexation -- 5.11.The relation between solubility and standard potentials -- Diagrammatic presentation of potential data -- 5.12.Latimer diagrams -- 5.13.Frost diagrams -- 5.14.Pourbaix diagrams -- 5.15.Applications in environmental chemistry: natural waters --

Chemical extraction of the elements -- 5.16.Chemical reduction -- 5.17.Chemical oxidation -- 5.18.Electrochemical extraction -- Further Reading -- Exercises -- Tutorial Problems -- 6.Molecular symmetry -- An introduction to symmetry analysis -- 6.1.Symmetry operations, elements, and point groups -- 6.2.Character tables -- Applications of symmetry -- 6.3.Polar molecules -- 6.4.Chiral molecules -- 6.5.Molecular vibrations -- The symmetries of molecular orbitals -- 6.6.Symmetry-adapted linear combinations -- 6.7.The construction of molecular orbitals -- 6.8.The vibrational analogy -- Representations -- 6.9.The reduction of a representation -- 6.10.Projection operators -- Further Reading -- Exercises -- Tutorial Problems -- 7.An introduction to coordination compounds -- The language of coordination chemistry -- 7.1.Representative ligands -- 7.2.Nomenclature -- Constitution and geometry -- 7.3.Low coordination numbers --

7.4.Intermediate coordination numbers -- 7.5.Higher coordination numbers -- 7.6.Polymetallic complexes -- Isomerism and chirality -- 7.7.Square-planar complexes -- 7.8.Tetrahedral complexes -- 7.9.Trigonal-bipyramidal and square-pyramidal complexes -- 7.10.Octahedral complexes -- 7.11.Ligand chirality -- The thermodynamics of complex formation -- 7.12.Formation constants -- 7.13.Trends in successive formation constants -- 7.14.The chelate and macrocyclic effects -- 7.15.Steric effects and electron delocalization -- Further Reading -- Exercises -- Tutorial Problems -- 8.Physical techniques in inorganic chemistry -- Diffraction methods -- 8.1.X-ray diffraction -- 8.2.Neutron diffraction -- Absorption and emission spectroscopies -- 8.3.Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy -- 8.4.Fluorescence or emission spectroscopy -- 8.5.Infrared and Raman spectroscopy -- Resonance techniques -- 8.6.Nuclear magnetic resonance -- 8.7.Electron paramagnetic resonance --

8.8.Mossbauer spectroscopy -- Ionization-based techniques -- 8.9.Photoelectron spectroscopy -- 8.10.X-ray absorption spectroscopy -- 8.11.Mass spectrometry -- Chemical analysis -- 8.12.Atomic absorption spectroscopy -- 8.13.CHN analysis -- 8.14.X-ray fluorescence elemental analysis -- 8.15.Thermal analysis -- Magnetometry and magnetic susceptibility -- Electrochemical techniques -- Microscopy -- 8.16.Scanning probe microscopy -- 8.17.Electron microscopy -- Further Reading -- Exercises -- Tutorial Problems -- pt. 2 The elements and their compounds -- 9.Periodic trends -- Periodic properties of the elements -- 9.1.Valence electron configurations -- 9.2.Atomic parameters -- 9.3.Occurrence -- 9.4.Metallic character -- 9.5.Oxidation states -- Periodic characteristics of compounds -- 9.6.Coordination numbers -- 9.7.Bond enthalpy trends -- 9.8.Binary compounds -- 9.9.Wider aspects of periodicity -- 9.10.Anomalous nature of the first member of each group --

Further Reading -- Exercises -- Tutorial Problems -- 10.Hydrogen -- pt. A The essentials -- 10.1.The element -- 10.2.Simple compounds -- pt. B The detail -- 10.3.Nuclear properties -- 10.4.Production of dihydrogen -- 10.5.Reactions of dihydrogen -- 10.6.Compounds of hydrogen -- 10.7.General methods for synthesis of binary hydrogen compounds -- Further Reading -- Exercises -- Tutorial Problems -- 11.The Group 1 elements -- pt. A The essentials -- 11.1.The elements -- 11.2.Simple compounds -- 11.3.The atypical properties of lithium -- pt. B The detail -- 11.4.Occurrence and extraction -- 11.5.Uses of the elements and their compounds -- 11.6.Hydrides -- 11.7.Halides -- 11.8.Oxides and related compounds -- 11.9.Sulfides, selenides, and tellurides -- 11.10.Hydroxides -- 11.11.Compounds of oxoacids -- 11.12.Nitrides and carbides -- 11.13.Solubility and hydration -- 11.14.Solutions in liquid ammonia -- 11.15.Zintl phases containing alkali metals --

11.16.Coordination compounds -- 11.17.Organometallic compounds -- Further Reading -- Exercises -- Tutorial Problems -- 12.The Group 2 elements -- pt. A The essentials -- 12.1.The elements -- 12.2.Simple compounds -- 12.3.The anomalous properties of beryllium -- pt. B The detail -- 12.4.Occurrence and extraction -- 12.5.Uses of the elements and their compounds -- 12.6.Hydrides -- 12.7.Halides -- 12.8.Oxides, sulfides, and hydroxides -- 12.9.Nitrides and carbides -- 12.10.Salts of oxoacids -- 12.11.Solubility, hydration, and beryllates -- 12.12.Coordination compounds -- 12.13.Organometallic compounds -- Further Reading -- Exercises -- Tutorial Problems -- 13.The Group 13 elements -- pt. A The essentials -- 13.1.The elements -- 13.2.Compounds -- 13.3.Boron clusters -- pt. B The detail -- 13.4.Occurrence and recovery -- 13.5.Uses of the elements and their compounds -- 13.6.Simple hydrides of boron -- 13.7.Boron trihalides -- 13.8.Boron-oxygen compounds --

13.9.Compounds of boron with nitrogen -- 13.10.Metal borides -- 13.11.Higher boranes and borohydrides -- 13.12.Metallaboranes and carboranes -- 13.13.The hydrides of aluminium and gallium -- 13.14.Trihalides of aluminium, gallium, indium, and thallium -- 13.15.Low-oxidation-state halides of aluminium, gallium, indium, and thallium -- 13.16.Oxo compounds of aluminium, gallium, indium, and thallium -- 13.17.Sulfides of gallium, indium, and thallium -- 13.18.Compounds with Group 15 elements -- 13.19.Zintl phases -- 13.20.Organometallic compounds -- Further Reading -- Exercises -- Tutorial Problems -- 14.The Group 14 elements -- pt. A The essentials -- 14.1.The elements -- 14.2.Simple compounds -- 14.3.Extended silicon-oxygen compounds -- pt. B The detail -- 14.4.Occurrence and recovery -- 14.5.Diamond and graphite -- 14.6.Other forms of carbon -- 14.7.Hydrides -- 14.8.Compounds with halogens -- 14.9.Compounds of carbon with oxygen and sulfur --

14.10.Simple compounds of silicon with oxygen -- 14.11.Oxides of germanium, tin, and lead -- 14.12.Compounds with nitrogen -- 14.13.Carbides -- 14.14.Silicides -- 14.15.Extended silicon-oxygen compounds -- 14.16.Organosilicon and organogermanium compounds -- 14.17.Organometallic compounds -- Further Reading -- Exercises -- Tutorial Problems -- 15.The Group 15 elements -- pt. A The essentials -- 15.1.The elements -- 15.2.Simple compounds -- 15.3.Oxides and oxanions of nitrogen -- pt. B The detail -- 15.4.Occurrence and recovery -- 15.5.Uses -- 15.6.Nitrogen activation -- 15.7.Nitrides and azides -- 15.8.Phosphides -- 15.9.Arsenides, antimonides, and bismuthides -- 15.10.Hydrides -- 15.11.Halides -- 15.12.Oxohalides -- 15.13.Oxides and oxoanions of nitrogen -- 15.14.Oxides of phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth -- 15.15.Oxoanions of phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth -- 15.16.Condensed phosphates -- 15.17.Phosphazenes --

15.18.Organometallic compounds of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth -- Further Reading -- Exercises -- Tutorial Problems -- 16.The Group 16 elements -- pt. A The essentials -- 16.1.The elements -- 16.2.Simple compounds -- 16.3.Ring and cluster compounds -- pt. B The detail -- 16.4.Oxygen -- 16.5.Reactivity of oxygen -- 16.6.Sulfur -- 16.7.Selenium, tellurium, and polonium -- 16.8.Hydrides -- 16.9.Halides -- 16.10.Metal oxides -- 16.11.Metal sulfides, selenides, tellurides, and polonides -- 16.12.Oxides -- 16.13.Oxoacids of sulfur -- 16.14.Polyanions of sulfur, selenium, and tellurium -- 16.15.Polycations of sulfur, selenium, and tellurium -- 16.16.Sulfur-nitrogen compounds -- Further Reading -- Exercises -- Tutorial Problems -- 17.The Group 17 elements -- pt. A The essentials -- 17.1.The elements -- 17.2.Simple compounds -- 17.3.The interhalogens -- pt. B The detail -- 17.4.Occurrence, recovery, and uses -- 17.5.Molecular structure and properties --

17.6.Reactivity trends -- 17.7.Pseudohalogens -- 17.8.Special properties of fluorine compounds -- 17.9.Structural features -- 17.10.The interhalogens -- 17.11.Halogen oxides -- 17.12.Oxoacids and oxoanions -- 17.13.Thermodynamic aspects of oxoanion redox reactions -- 17.14.Trends in rates of oxoanion redox reactions -- 17.15.Redox properties of individual oxidation states -- 17.16.Fluorocarbons -- Further Reading -- Exercises -- Tutorial Problems -- 18.The Group 18 elements -- pt. A The essentials -- 18.1.The elements -- 18.2.Simple compounds -- pt. B The detail -- 18.3.Occurrence and recovery -- 18.4.Uses -- 18.5.Synthesis and structure of xenon fluorides -- 18.6.Reactions of xenon fluorides -- 18.7.Xenon-oxygen compounds -- 18.8.Xenon insertion compounds -- 18.9.Organoxenon compounds -- 18.10.Coordination compounds -- 18.11.Other compounds of noble gases -- Further Reading -- Exercises -- Tutorial Problems -- 19.The d-block elements --

pt. A The essentials -- 19.1.Occurrence and recovery -- 19.2.Chemical and physical properties -- pt. B The detail -- 19.3.Group 3: scandium, yttrium, and lanthanum -- 19.4.Group 4: titanium, zirconium, and hafnium -- 19.5.Group 5: vanadium, niobium, and tantaium -- 19.6.Group 6: chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten -- 19.7.Group 7: manganese, technetium, and rhenium -- 19.8.Group 8: iron, ruthenium, and osmium -- 19.9.Group 9: cobalt, rhodium, and iridium -- 19.10.Group 10: nickel, palladium, and platinum -- 19.11.Group 11: copper, silver, and gold -- 19.12.Group 12: zinc, cadmium, and mercury -- Further Reading -- Exercises -- Tutorial Problems -- 20.d-Metal complexes: electronic structure and properties -- Electronic structure -- 20.1.Crystal-field theory -- 20.2.Ligand-field theory -- Electronic spectra -- 20.3.Electronic spectra of atoms -- 20.4.Electronic spectra of complexes -- 20.5.Charge-transfer bands -- 20.6.Selection rules and intensities --

20.7.Luminescence -- Magnetism -- 20.8.Cooperative magnetism -- 20.9.Spin-crossover complexes -- Further Reading -- Exercises -- Tutorial Problems -- 21.Coordination chemistry: reactions of complexes -- Ligand substitution reactions -- 21.1.Rates of ligand substitution -- 21.2.The classification of mechanisms -- Ligand substitution in square-planar complexes -- 21.3.The nucleophilicity of the entering group -- 21.4.The shape of the transition state -- Ligand substitution in octahedral complexes -- 21.5.Rate laws and their interpretation -- 21.6.The activation of octahedral complexes -- 21.7.Base hydrolysis -- 21.8.Stereochemistry -- 21.9.Isomerization reactions -- Redox reactions -- 21.10.The classification of redox reactions -- 21.11.The inner-sphere mechanism -- 21.12.The outer-sphere mechanism -- Photochemical reactions -- 21.13.Prompt and delayed reactions -- 21.14.d-d and charge-transfer reactions -- 21.15.Transitions in metal-metal bonded systems --

Further Reading -- Exercises -- Tutorial Problems -- 22.d-Metal organometallic chemistry -- Bonding -- 22.1.Stable electron configurations -- 22.2.Electron-count preference -- 22.3.Electron counting and oxidation states -- 22.4.Nomenclature -- Ligands -- 22.5.Carbon monoxide -- 22.6.Phosphines -- 22.7.Hydrides and dihydrogen complexes -- 22.8.η1-Alkyl, -alkenyl, -alkynyl, and -aryl ligands -- 22.9.η2-Alkene and -alkyne ligands -- 22.10.Nonconjugated diene and polyene ligands -- 22.11.Butadiene, cyclobutadiene, and cyclooctatetraene -- 22.12.Benzene and other arenes -- 22.13.The allyl ligand -- 22.14.Cyclopentadiene and cycloheptatriene -- 22.15.Carbenes -- 22.16.Alkanes, agostic hydrogens, and noble gases -- 22.17.Dinitrogen and nitrogen monoxide -- Compounds -- 22.18.d-Block carbonyls -- 22.19.Metallocenes -- 22.20.Metal-metal bonding and metal clusters -- Reactions -- 22.21.Ligand substitution --

22.22.Oxidative addition and reductive elimination -- 22.23.σ-Bond metathesis -- 22.24.1,1-Migratory insertion reactions -- 22.25.1,2-Insertions and β-hydride elimination -- 22.26.α, γ, and δ-Hydride eliminations and cyclometallations -- Further Reading -- Exercises -- Tutorial Problems -- 23.The f-block elements -- The elements -- 23.1.The valence orbitals -- 23.2.Occurrence and recovery -- 23.3.Physical properties and applications -- Lanthanoid chemistry -- 23.4.General trends -- 23.5.Electronic, optical, and magnetic properties -- 23.6.Binary ionic compounds -- 23.7.Ternary and complex oxides -- 23.8.Coordination compounds -- 23.9.Organometallic compounds -- Actinoid chemistry -- 23.10.General trends -- 23.11.Electronic spectra of the actinoids -- 23.12.Thorium and uranium -- 23.13.Neptunium, plutonium, and americium -- Further Reading -- Exercises -- Tutorial Problems -- pt. 3 Frontiers --

24.Materials chemistry and nanomaterials -- Synthesis of materials -- 24.1.The formation of bulk material -- Defects and ion transport -- 24.2.Extended defects -- 24.3.Atom and ion diffusion -- 24.4.Solid electrolytes -- Metal oxides, nitrides, and fluorides -- 24.5.Monoxides of the 3d metals -- 24.6.Higher oxides and complex oxides -- 24.7.Oxide glasses -- 24.8.Nitrides, fluorides, and mixed-anion phases -- Sulfides, intercalation compounds, and metal-rich phases -- 24.9.Layered MS2 compounds and intercalation -- 24.10.Chevrel phases and chalcogenide thermoelectrics -- Framework structures -- 24.11.Structures based on tetrahedral oxoanions -- 24.12.Structures based on linked octahedral and tetrahedral centres -- Hydrides and hydrogen-storage materials -- 24.13.Metal hydrides -- 24.14.Other inorganic hydrogen-storage materials -- Optical properties of inorganic materials -- 24.15.Coloured solids -- 24.16.White and black pigments -- 24.17.Photocatalysts --

Semiconductor chemistry -- 24.18.Group 14 semiconductors -- 24.19.Semiconductor systems isoelectronic with silicon -- Molecular materials and fullerides -- 24.20.Fullerides -- 24.21.Molecular materials chemistry -- Nanomaterials -- 24.22.Terminology and history -- 24.23.Solution-based synthesis of nanoparticles -- 24.24.Vapour-phase synthesis of nanoparticles via solutions or solids -- 24.25.Templated synthesis of nanomaterials using frameworks, supports, and substrates -- 24.26.Characterization and formation of nanomaterials using microscopy -- Nanostructures and properties -- 24.27.One-dimensional control: carbon nanotubes and inorganic nanowires -- 24.28.Two-dimensional control: graphene, quantum wells, and solid-state superlattices -- 24.29.Three-dimensional control: mesoporous materials and composites -- 24.30.Special optical properties of nanomaterials -- Further Reading -- Exercises -- Tutorial Problems -- 25.Catalysis -- General principles --

25.1.The language of catalysis -- 25.2.Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts -- Homogeneous catalysis -- 25.3.Alkene metathesis -- 25.4.Hydrogenation of alkenes -- 25.5.Hydroformylation -- 25.6.Wacker oxidation of alkenes -- 25.7.Asymmetric oxidations -- 25.8.Palladium-catalysed C-C bond-forming reactions -- 25.9.Methanol carbonylation: ethanoic acid synthesis -- Heterogeneous catalysis -- 25.10.The nature of heterogeneous catalysts -- 25.11.Hydrogenation catalysts -- 25.12.Ammonia synthesis -- 25.13.Sulfur dioxide oxidation -- 25.14.Catalytic cracking and the interconversion of aromatics by zeolites -- 25.15.Fischer-Tropsch synthesis -- 25.16.Electrocatalysis and photocatalysis -- 25.17.New directions in heterogeneous catalysis -- Heterogenized homogeneous and hybrid catalysis -- 25.18.Oligomerization and polymerization -- 25.19.Tethered catalysts -- 25.20.Biphasic systems -- Further Reading -- Exercises -- Tutorial Problems --

26.Biological inorganic chemistry -- The organization of cells -- 26.1.The physical structure of cells -- 26.2.The inorganic composition of living organisms -- Transport, transfer, and transcription -- 26.3.Sodium and potassium transport -- 26.4.Calcium-signalling proteins -- 26.5.Zinc in transcription -- 26.6.Selective transport and storage of iron -- 26.7.Oxygen transport and storage -- 26.8.Electron transfer -- Catalytic processes -- 26.9.Acid-base catalysis -- 26.10.Enzymes dealing with H2O2 and O2 -- 26.11.The reactions of cobalt-containing enzymes -- 26.12.Oxygen atom transfer by molybdenum and tungsten enzymes -- Biological cycles -- 26.13.The nitrogen cycle -- 26.14.The hydrogen cycle -- Sensors -- 26.15.Iron proteins as sensors -- 26.16.Proteins that sense Cu and Zn levels -- Biominerals -- 26.17.Common examples of biominerals -- Perspectives -- 26.18.The contributions of individual elements -- 26.19.Future directions -- Further Reading --

Exercises -- Tutorial Problems -- 27.Inorganic chemistry in medicine -- The chemistry of elements in medicine -- 27.1.Inorganic complexes in cancer treatment -- 27.2.Anti-arthritis drugs -- 27.3.Bismuth in the treatment of gastric ulcers -- 27.4.Lithium in the treatment of bipolar disorders -- 27.5.Organometallic drugs in the treatment of malaria -- 27.6.Cyclams as anti-HIV agents -- 27.7.Inorganic drugs that slowly release CO: an agent against post-operative stress -- 27.8.Chelation therapy -- 27.9.Imaging agents -- 27.10.Outlook -- Further Reading -- Exercises -- Tutorial Problems -- Resource sections -- Resource section 1 Selected ionic radii -- Resource section 2 Electronic properties of the elements -- Resource section 3 Standard potentials -- Resource section 4 Character tables -- Resource section 5 Symmetry-adapted orbitals -- Resource section 6 Tanabe-Sugano diagrams.