1.Introduction -- A.Introduction: Theme and Contribution of this Book -- B.Concept of Interregional JRE -- C.A Comparative Perspective -- i.Introduction to the Method: Comparative Studies -- ii.Free Circulation of Judgments in the US -- 1.Historical Backgrounds -- 2.The Full Faith and Credit JRE System -- iii.Free Circulation of Judgments in the EU -- 1.Historical Backgrounds -- 2.The Brussels I Regulation -- iv.Current JRE System in China -- 1.No Overarching Multilateral JRE Scheme and Insufficient Substantive Laws -- 2.JRE Impasse for the Majority of Judgments between Mainland China and Hong Kong -- D.The Need for, and Feasibility of, a Multilateral JRE Arrangement -- i.Need: Economic Integration -- ii.Feasibility -- 1.Geographical, Cultural and Historical Proximities among the Three Regions -- 2.Constitutional Framework Overarching Mainland China, Hong Kong and Macao -- 3.Contributions of the Existing Bilateral Arrangements --

E.Structure of What Follows -- 2.Scholarly Achievements in Chinese Interregional Conflict of Laws -- A.General Theory of Chinese Interregional Conflict of Laws -- i.A Theoretical Postulate -- ii.Feasible Solutions to Interregional Conflicts -- iii.Assessments -- B.Interregional Judgment Recognition and Enforcement -- i.Necessity for Interregional JRE -- ii.Ways of Improving Interregional JRE -- iii.Comments on the Current Two JRE Arrangements -- iv.Assessments -- C.Comparative Studies -- i.Value of Comparative Studies -- ii.Foreign Models for Resolving Interregional Legal Conflicts -- iii.Assessments -- 3.The Existing JRE System among Mainland China, Hong Kong and Macao -- A.Regional JRE Laws -- i.Legal Bases for JRE -- 1.Statute -- a.Mainland China -- b.Macao -- c.Hong Kong -- 2.Common Law -- 3.Insufficient Legal Bases for JRE outside the Mainland--Hong Kong Arrangement -- ii.Requirements for JRE: Legally Effective, Enforceable or Final --

1.Mainland China -- 2.Macao -- 3.Hong Kong -- iii.Grounds for Refusing JRE -- 1.Incompetent Indirect Jurisdiction -- a.Mainland China -- b.Macao -- c.Hong Kong -- 2.Unfair Procedures -- a.Mainland China -- b.Macao -- c.Hong Kong -- 3.Res Judicata -- a.Mainland China -- b.Macao -- c.Hong Kong -- 4.Public Policy Exception -- a.Mainland China -- b.Macao -- c.Hong Kong -- 5.Fraud -- a.Common Law Regime -- b.Statutory Regime -- iv.Problems of Regional JRE Laws -- B.Interregional JRE Laws -- i.Mainland--Hong Kong Arrangement -- 1.Scope of the Arrangement -- a.Choice of Court Agreements -- b.Judgments in Civil and Commercial Cases -- c.Monetary Judgments -- d.Types of Judicial Awards -- e.Levels of Courts -- f.Interregional -- 2.Requirements for JRE -- 3.Grounds for Refusing JRE -- a.Invalid Choice of Court Agreement -- b.Wholly Satisfied Judgment -- c.Exclusive Jurisdiction -- d.Unfair Procedure -- e.Fraud -- f.Res Judicata -- g.Public Policy Exception --

4.Assessment and Conclusion -- ii.The Mainland-Macao Arrangement -- 1.Scope of the Arrangement -- a.Judgments in Civil and Commercial Cases -- b.Monetary and Non-monetary Judgments -- c.Types of Judicial Awards -- d.Levels of Courts -- 2.Requirements for JRE -- 3.Grounds for Refusing JRE -- a.Exclusive Jurisdiction -- b.Res Judicata -- c.Unfair Procedure -- d.Public Policy Exception -- 4.Assessment and Conclusion -- iii.JRE under Multilateral Conventions -- C.The Next Stage: a Multilateral JRE Arrangement -- 4.Three Serious Macro Challenges and their Solutions -- A.Conflicts between Socialist Law and Capitalist Law -- i.Mainland China's Modernization of its Civil and Commercial Law -- 1.Legislation -- a.Contract Law: Endorsing Party Autonomy -- b.Company Law: Equalizing Private and Public Market Players -- c.Property Law: Protecting Private Ownership -- 2.Adjudication -- 3.Conclusion -- ii.Judgments against Mainland Governments --

1.Mainland Public Institutions -- 2.Interregional Public Policy Exception -- B.Conflicts between Civil Law and Common Law -- i.Jurisdiction -- ii.JRE -- C.Weak Mutual Trust -- i.Socialism versus Capitalism -- ii.Differences among Regional Legal Systems -- D.Conclusion -- 5.Selected Rules of the Proposed Multilateral JRE Arrangement -- A.Scope -- i.Civil and Commercial Judgments -- 1.`Civil and Commercial' versus `Administrative' -- 2.Judgments for Personal Consumption Disputes -- 3.Civil Compensation Collateral to Criminal Proceedings -- 4.Judgments for Employment Disputes -- 5.Judgments on Insolvency and Related Issues -- 6.Judgments on Family Law Issues -- 7.Summary -- ii.Levels of Courts -- iii.Types of Judicial Awards -- B.Requirement for JRE: Finality -- i.Different Criteria of `Finality' in Mainland China and Hong Kong -- 1.Criteria of `Finality' under Mainland JRE Law -- 2.Criteria of `Finality' under Hong Kong JRE Law: Chiyu and its Progeny --

ii.Conflicts brought about by the Different Criteria of Finality -- 1.Problems of Chiyu -- 2.Reasons for Chiyu -- 3.Malicious Re-Litigations and Forum Shopping Caused by the Chiyu Doctrine -- 4.The Preferable Minority Approach in Hong Kong Courts -- iii.Proposed Solutions to the Finality Dispute -- 1.Amend Hong Kong Law -- 2.Amend the Mainland CPL -- 3.Interregional Law Approaches -- a.Provide an Autonomous Terminology for Finality -- b.Apply the Law of the Judgment-Rendering Region -- iv.Conclusion -- C.Grounds for Refusing JRE -- i.Incompetent Indirect Jurisdiction -- 1.Direct and Indirect Jurisdiction -- a.JRE Difficulties brought about by Different Regional Direct and Indirect Jurisdiction Laws -- b.Single Enforcement Arrangement -- c.Three Categories of Indirect Jurisdiction -- 2.Required Indirect Jurisdiction -- a.The Defendant has His or Her Domicile or Habitual Residence in the Region where the Judgment-Rendering Court is Located --

b.The Defendant has a Representative Office in the Region where the Court is Located and the Action is Related to the Activities of the Office -- c.Jurisdiction based on a Choice of Court Agreement -- d.Jurisdiction based on Submission -- 3.Excluded Indirect Jurisdiction -- a.Exclusive Jurisdiction over Certain Disputes of Joint Ventures -- b.Jurisdiction of the Place where the Contract is Signed -- c.Jurisdiction by Service on a Defendant Who Temporarily Appears -- 4.Permitted Indirect Jurisdiction -- ii.Unfair Procedure -- 1.Three Instances -- 2.Losing Party or Defendant -- 3.Obligation of Challenging a Judgment on the Ground of Unfair Procedure in the Judgment-rendering Court -- 4.Conclusion -- iii.Res judicata -- 1.Conflicts between a Requested Judgment and a Recognized Judgment -- 2.Conflicts between a Requested Judgment and a Local Judgment -- 3.Same Cause of Action -- 4.Same Parties -- 5.Conclusion -- iv.Fraud -- 1.Autonomous Terminology --

2.Review of Fraud in F2 -- v.Public Policy Exception -- 1.Necessity of Preserving a Public Policy Exception -- 2.Substantive and Procedural Public Policy Exception -- iv.Exhaustive List -- D.Summary -- 6.Implementation of the Proposed Multilateral JRE Arrangement -- A.Legal Form -- i.Amending the PRC Constitution -- ii.Enacting a National JRE Law -- iii.Proposing Model Laws -- iv.Adopting Interregional Arrangement plus Separate Regional Legislation -- B.Coordination Mechanism for Implementing the Proposed Multilateral JRE Arrangement -- i.Exchanging Information about the Specific Judgments that are to be Enforced -- ii.Maintaining Interpretational Uniformity -- iii.Proposed Coordination Organization -- C.Relationship with Other Interregional and International JRE Instruments -- 7.Conclusion.