Introduction -- The struggle for independence and birth of a nation -- Colonialism, racism, and modernity -- Foreigners and nation building -- Race and the nation-building project -- The socialist experiment -- African socialism : the challenges of nation building -- Socialism, self-reliance, and foreigners -- Nationalism, state socialism, and the politics of race -- Neoliberalism, global capitalism, and the nation-state -- Neoliberalism and the transition from state socialism to capitalism -- Neoliberalism, foreigners, and globalization -- Neoliberalism, race, and the global economy -- Conclusion : race, nation, and citizenship in historical and comparative perspective.