Machine generated contents note: Harbingers of Evil? Ethnic Parties and Democracy -- International Party Assistance and Ethnic Parties -- Fighting Ghosts? Political Science and African Parties -- Filling in the Gaps -- The Structure of the Book -- On the Study of Political Parties -- Party Typologies in the Western World -- Party Typologies Outside the Western' World -- Party Typologies in Eastern Europe, Latin America, and Asia -- Party Typologies in Africa -- Toward a New Framework of Comparison -- The Operationalization of the Amended Diamond and Gunther Typology -- Party Goals -- Electoral Strategy -- Organizational Structure -- Social Base -- Aggregation -- Toward Empirical Research -- Comparative Politics and the Diamond and Gunther Typology -- One-Party Rule and the Rise of Ethnic Cleavage Lines -- Observation Period 1 -- FORD-Kenya: The Enduring Logic of Ethnic Politics -- FORD-Asili: The Prisoners of Dr. Kenneth Matiba -- The Democratic Party: In the Shadows of GEMA --

Contents note continued: The Kenyan African National Union: Entering the Democratic Age -- Observation Period 2 -- FORD-Kenya: From Alliance to Mono-Ethnic Party -- The National Development Party: FORD-K's Former Luo Wing -- The Democratic Party: The Beneficiaries of FORD-A's Collapse -- The Social Democratic Party: Toward Kamba Unity -- The Kenyan African National Union -- Observation Period 3 -- The National Alliance Rainbow Coalition -- KANU, the Orange Democratic Movement-Kenya, and the Orange Democratic Movement -- Kenya After the 2007 Elections -- Political Parties in Africa: Findings from Kenya -- Apartheid, Ethnic Cleavage Lines, and Political Parties -- Observation Period 1 -- The Democratic Turnhalle Alliance and the Democratic Age -- The South West African People's Organization -- Observation Period 2 -- The Democratic Turnhalle Alliance Falls Apart -- SWAPO Extending the SWAPO Kingdom -- Observation Period 3 --

Contents note continued: The Democratic Turnhalle Alliance and Its Disintegration -- SWAPO: The Legacy of the Nujoma Succession -- Observation Period 4 -- The Rise and Fall of the Congress of Democrats -- SWAPO and Pohamba -- Namibia After the 2009 Elections -- Political Parties in Africa: Findings from Namibia -- The First Three Republics, Ethnic Cleavage Lines, and Political Parties -- Observation Period 1 -- The New Patriotic Party: In the Footsteps of the PP -- The National Democratic Congress: A Dictator Elected -- Observation Period 2 -- The New Patriotic Party: Generation Kufuor -- The National Democratic Congress: A Dictator Reelected -- Observation Period 3 -- The New Patriotic Party in Power -- The National Democratic Congress Falling Apart -- Observation Period 4 -- The New Patriotic Party in Its Second Term -- The National Democratic Congress and Rawlings' Long Shadow -- Ghana after the 2008 Elections -- Political Parties in Africa: Findings from Ghana --

Contents note continued: Political Parties in Kenya, Namibia, and Ghana -- Variation Within Countries: Some Observations -- African Parties and Political Ideology: Some Observations -- Toward a New Framework of Comparison for African Parties -- Motive of Formation -- Rhetoric -- Electoral Rhetoric -- Ideology/Manifesto Content -- National Coverage -- Party Factions -- Party Apparatus -- Leadership Composition -- Cabinet Composition -- Party Divergence Scores and Party Nationalization Scores -- Verification of Results: Preliminary Evidence from Additional Cases -- Tanzania -- The Chama Cha Mapinduzi -- The Civic United Front -- CHADEMA -- Botswana -- The Botswana Democratic Party -- The Botswana National Front -- Senegal -- Parti Socialiste -- The Parti Democratique Sênêgalais -- Malawi -- The Malawi Congress Party -- The United Democratic Front -- The Alliance for Democracy -- The Democratic Progressive Party -- Burkina Faso -- The Congrès pour le Démocratie et le Progrès --

Contents note continued: The Rassemblement Démocratique Africain - l'Alliance pour la Démocratie et la Fédération -- Zambia -- The Movement for Multiparty Democracy -- The United National Independence Party -- The Patriotic Front -- Benin -- The Parti Social-Démocrate -- The Parti du Renoveau Démocratique -- The Front d'Action pour le Renouveau et le Développement -- Alliance pour une Dynamique Démocratique, l'Union pour le Bénin du Future, and Forces Cauris pour un Bénin Emergent -- Summary of the Preliminary Cases -- Political Party Types in Africa -- Variance Between Countries -- Economic Variables -- Electoral Systems and Political Parties -- Electoral Systems and Parties in Kenya, Ghana, and Namibia -- Democracy and Political Parties -- The Legal Dimension: Party Laws and Political Parties -- Political Parties and the Type of Independence Movement -- Ghana: The United Front -- Kenya: Ethnic Disunity from the Start -- Comparing African Independence Movements --

Contents note continued: Ethnic Fractionalization and Political Parties -- Scenario 1: Balancing -- Scenario 2: Bandwagoning -- Core Groups and Political Parties: Empirical Evidence -- Verification of Hypothesis with Preliminary Cases -- Toward a Theory of the Formation of Ethnic Parties -- The Emergence of Nonethnic Politics -- African Political Parties: The Main Argument -- African Parties and Democratic Consolidation -- Future Research on (African) Parties -- Strange Bedfellows: Academic Research and International Party Assistance -- Comparative Politics and African Parties.