Summary

This book deals with both qualitative and quantitative approaches to research methodology; the steps followed in the research process; data collection (sampling, measuring, questioning and observing); and the procedures followed when applying a research design and interpreting research data. Various research techniques and methods are applied to conducting research of advertising, mass-media audiences and mass-media efficiency, and to conducting research in organizational and development contexts. The publication ends with a framework of scientific criteria and guidelines that can be used when planning and writing a research report, as well as when analysing and evaluating published research reports. The publication follows an interactive approach and contains several learning aids, such as marginal notes, executive summaries, self-evaluation and portfolio tasks, as well as guides with criteria that can be used by learners, teachers or examiners to assess the achievement of learning outcomes and performance.