Part I. Texts: How the media communicate -- Reading media images -- Ideology -- Representation -- Genre -- Narrative -- Intertextuality -- Part II. Institutions: Approaches to media institutions -- Public service broadcasting and the market -- Media professionalism and codes of practice -- Independent media -- Part III. Audiences: Conceptualizing and measuring media audiences -- The effects of the media on audience groups -- Contexts of media consumption -- Minority audiences and the media -- New technologies and media audiences -- Media consumption and social status -- Public participation in the 1990s -- Epilogue: Research methods in media studies.