Machine generated contents note: What is popular culture? -- Culture -- Ideology -- Popular culture -- Popular culture as other -- The contextuality of meaning -- Notes -- Further reading -- The `culture and civilization' tradition -- Matthew Arnold -- Leavisism -- Mass culture in America: the post-war debate -- The culture of other people -- Notes -- Further reading -- Culturalism into cultural studies -- Richard Hoggart: The Uses of Literacy -- Raymond Williams: The analysis of culture' -- E.P. Thompson: The Making of the English Working Class -- Stuart Hall and Paddy Whannel: The Popular Arts -- The Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies -- Notes -- Further reading -- Marxisms -- Classical Marxism -- The English Marxism of William Morris -- The Frankfurt School -- Althusserianism -- Hegemony -- Post-Marxism and cultural studies -- Utopian Marxism -- Notes -- Further reading -- Psychoanalysis -- Freudian psychoanalysis -- Lacanian psychoanalysis -- Cine-psychoanalysis -- Slavoj Zizek and Lacanian fantasy -- Notes -- Further reading -- Structuralism and post-structuralism -- Ferdinand de Saussure -- Claude Levi-Strauss, Will Wright and the American Western -- Roland Barthes: Mythologies -- Post-structuralism -- Jacques Derrida -- Discourse and power: Michel Foucault -- The panoptic machine -- Notes -- Further reading -- Class and class struggle -- Class and popular culture -- Class in cultural studies -- Class struggle -- Consumption as class distinction -- Class and popular culture -- The ideological work of meritocracy -- Notes -- Further reading -- Gender and sexuality -- Feminisms -- Women at the cinema -- Reading romance -- Watching Dallas -- Reading women's magazines -- Post-feminism -- Men's studies and masculinities -- Queer theory -- Intersectionality -- Notes -- Further reading -- `Race', racism and representation -- `Race' and racism -- The ideology of racism: its historical emergence -- Orientalism -- Whiteness -- Anti-racism and cultural studies -- Black Lives Matter -- Notes -- Further reading -- Postmodernism -- The postmodern condition -- Postmodernism in the 1960s -- Jean-Francois Lyotard -- Jean Baudrillard -- Fredric Jameson -- Postmodernism and the pluralism of value -- The global postmodern -- Afterword -- Notes -- Further reading -- The materiality of popular culture -- Materiality -- Materiality as actor -- Meaning and materiality -- Materiality without meaning -- Material objects in a global world -- Notes -- Further reading -- The politics of the popular -- The cultural field -- The economic field -- Post-Marxist cultural studies: hegemony revisited -- The ideology of mass culture -- Notes -- Further reading.