1. What is theory? : What is theory? ; What is good theory? ; What kinds of theories are there? ; Levels of explanation ; The classification of theory ; Theory-then-research versus research-then-theory ; How do criminologists conduct research? ; Ethics in criminological research -- 2. Measuring the extent of crime : The uniform crime reports ; Criticisms of the UCR ; The national ncident-based reporting system ; Self-report surveys ; The national crime victimization survey ; The comparability of the UCR, SRS, and NCVS ; Neglected areas of crime -- 3. Crime victimizations : Why study crime victims? ; Victimization theories ; Helping crime victims ; Strategies to prevent criminal victimizations -- 4. The classical school of thought : The development of rational choice theory ; A critical analysis of the classical period ; Classical theory revisited in the 1970s ; Shortcomings of the theories-- 5. Trait theories : Foundations of trait theories ; From philosophy to science ; The positivistic school on crime causation ; The influence of evolution on the study of crime ; Crime and its biological nexus ; Early theories of biological positivism ; Body typologies ; Chromosome studies ; Twin studies: monozygotic versus dizygotic ; Adoption studies ; Neurochemical mechanisms ; Diet and nutrition ; Psychological trait theories ; Psychoanalytic theory ; Moral development and crime ; Developing the theory of moral development ; Intelligence and crime studies ; Crime and human nature ; Race, IQ, and crime ; Problems with biological research ; Shortcomings of the theories -- 6. Social structure theories: emphasis on the social structure : Development of sociological criminology ; Socioeconomic structure and crime ; Social structure theories ; The American dream and strain theory ; Subcultural (cultural deviance) theories ; Differential opportunity theory ; Shortcomings of the theories-- 7. Social processing theories: emphasis on socialization : Socialization and crime ; Toward a social processing explanation ; Learning theories ; Control theories ; Theories of personal and social controls ; Labeling theories ; Theory integration ; Shortcomings of the theories -- 8. Conflict theories : The occupy movement ; Historical development of critical criminology ; Marxist criminology ; The creation of critical criminology ; Instrumental and structural Marxism ; Power threat theory ; Radical criminology ; The new criminology ; Left realism ; Peacemaking criminology ; The phenomenological school ; Feminist criminology ; Power-control-theory ; Postmodern criminology ; Cultural criminology ; Green criminology ; Shortcomings of the theories -- 9. The future of criminological theory.