I. Basic concepts : 1. Sound : Pitch : Naming pitches ; Notating pitches ; Intervals. Dynamics -- 2. Rhythm : Meter ; Accent ; Syncopation ; Tempo ; Conducting patterns -- 3. Melody : Melodic phrases ; Melodic contour ; Sequence. Melodic types : Tuneful melodies ; Motivic melodies ; Lyrical melodies ; Themes. Scales : Major scale ; Minor scale ; Chromatic scale ; Whole-tone scale ; Pentatonic scale -- 4. Harmony : Consonance and dissonance ; Chords ; Tonality. Texture : Monophony ; Polyphony ; Homophony. Role of harmony in western music -- 5. Timbre : Vocal timbres ; Instruments of the orchestra : String instruments ; Woodwind instruments ; Brass instruments ; Percussion Instruments. Keyboard instruments : Harpsichord ; Piano ; Pipe organ. Electronic instruments -- 6. Form in music : Repetition : Strophic form ; Theme and variations. Contrast : Through-composed form ; Binary form. Repetition and contrast : Ternary form -- 7. Attending performances : Concert versus recital ; Performance procedures ; Orchestral performances : Orchestral forms ; The printed program. Band performances ; Chamber music ; Solo recitals ; Choral music ; Dance : Classical ballet ; Modern dance ; Folk dance. Musical theater : Variety shows ; Musicals ; Operettas ; Operas.

II. From ancient to modern times : 8. The music of ancient Greece : Historical perspective ; Performance perspective ; The Greeks' influence : The language of music ; the relationship of words to music ; Stories and myths ; The philosophy of music ; Classical and romantic styles ; Scientific theories of music -- 9. Medieval music : General characteristics of medieval music : Modes ; Linear polyphony ; Timbres ; Influence on modern music. Historical perspective ; Artistic style ; Christian music : Gregorian chant ; The rise of polyphony ; Motet. Secular songs : The English sound. Instrumental music ; The role of women ; The Ars Nova : Historical perspective ; Artistic style ; Music -- 10. The renaissance: general characteristics : Historical perspective : The reformation ; The counter-reformation. Artistic style : Painting ; Architecture ; Sculpture. Music : The timbre ; Texture ; Modes in the renaissance -- 11. Religious music of the renaissance : Renaissance motet : des Prez. Renaissance Mass : Palestrina. The protestant worship service : Chorale ; Psalm tunes -- 12. Secular music in the renaissance : Secular vocal music : Madrigal. Instrumental music : String instruments ; Keyboard instruments ; Wind instruments ; Ensembles. Woman's experience -- 13. Toward the baroque : Historical perspective ; Artistic style ; Music : Gesualdo ; Venetian school ; Gabrieli ; Florentine camerata -- 14. The baroque: general characteristics : Historical perspective : Religion ; Science and philosophy. Artistic style : Literature ; Painting ; Sculpture. Music ; Contrasts ; Texture in the baroque ; The rise of tonality -- 15. Dramatic vocal music of the baroque : Monteverdi ; First and second practice ; Early opera : Recitative ; Aria ; The rise of Italian opera ; Ballad opera ; Handel. Oratorio : Messiah ; Bach. Cantata -- 16. Baroque instrumental music : Music for keyboards : Fugue ; Prelude ; Chorale prelude ; Toccata ; Suite. The continuo : Figured bass. Chamber music : Sonata ; Corelli. Orchestral music : Concerto grosso ; Vivaldi -- 17. Toward the classical style: rococo : Historical perspective ; Visual arts ; Music : Expressive style -- 18. The classical style : Viennese style ; Historical perspective : The enlightenment. Artistic style : Painting ; Sculpture and architecture ; Literature. Music in eighteenth-century Europe : Classical style: general characteristics. Music in eighteenth-century America : Singing school movement ; Art music -- 19. Formal design in the classical period : Instrumental music : Haydn ; Multi-movement forms ; Single-movement forms -- 20. Vocal music in the classical period : Gluck ; Reform opera ; Comic opera ; Mozart. Religious music.

21. Toward romanticism : Historical perspective : Rousseau. Literature : Goethe. Painting : Delacroix. Music : The instruments ; Beethoven ; Schubert -- 22. The romantic style: orchestral music : Characteristic or romanticism : Fascination with the distant ; Love of nature ; Revolutionary spirit ; Art for art's sake ; Nationalism and internationalism ; History versus science ; The romantic psyche. Roman literature ; Visual arts : Constable ; Turner. Romantic music-an overview : Romantic melodic techniques ; Romantic harmony ; Romantic individualism. Orchestral program music : Concert overture ; Tchaikovsky ; Program symphony ; Berlioz ; Symphonic poem ; Liszt. Russian nationalism ; Absolute music : Concerto ; Mendelssohn ; Fanny Mendelssohn ; Symphony ; Brahms. Music in nineteenth-century America : Bands ; Orchestral music -- 23. The romantic extremes : Solos and vocal ensembles : Schumann ; Clara Schumann. Song in America : Foster. Romantic choral music ; Romantic piano music : Chopin ; Chopin's style ; Character piece ; Piano music in America ; Gottschalk ; American music comes of age ; Beach ; MacDowell -- 24. Music theater in the nineteenth century : Grand opera ; Opera comique ; Italian romantic opera : Verdi ; Verismo. Music drama : Wagner ; Leitmotifs ; Melodic style. Operetta : Gilbert and Sullivan operettas. Music theater in America -- 25. Toward a new music : Post-romanticism : Stauss ; Mahler. Impressionism : Literature ; Painting ; Music ; Debussy ; Gamelan ; Debussy's stylistic techniques ; Other impressionists. Primitivism : Painting ; Music ; Stravinsky. Expressionism : Painting ; Literature ; Music ; Schoenberg ; Berg -- 26. Music in the vernacular : Folk music : Ballads ; Folk influence upon western art music ; fold influence upon American popular music. Toward jazz : Ragtime ; Joplin ; Blues. The evolution of rock : British influences ; Distinctive characteristics of rock ; Rap -- 27. Jazz : Elements of jazz ; Boogie-woogie ; Instruments of jazz ; History of jazz : "Duke" Ellington. Bebop ; Other jazz styles ; Jazz contributions to concert music -- 28. Twentieth-century music: general characteristics : The arts in the twentieth century : Visual arts ; Pablo Picasso ; Music-an overview. New concepts in the art of composing : Melody ; Harmony ; Rhythm and meter ; Timbre ; Texture ; Form -- 29. The revolutionaries : Twelve-tone music : Schoenberg ; Twelve-tone influence ; Webern. Experimentalism : Ives ; Cowell ; Electronic music ; Varese ; Babbitt ; Indeterminate music ; Cage -- 30. A twentieth-century potpourri : Carter ; Foss ; Boulez ; Stockhausen ; Penderecki ; Glass ; Reich -- 31. The evolution continues : Medieval influence ; Les six : Milhaud. Twentieth-century nationalism : Bartok ; Copland ; Gershwin. The role of women and minorities ; Neoclassicism : Stravinsky ; Practical music ; Hindemith ; Prokofiev ; Neoromanticism : Menotti ; Barber. A mating of ideas.