Title:
Effective group discussion : theory and practice
Author:
Galanes, Gloria J.
ISBN:
9780073534343
Personal Author:
Edition:
14th ed.
Publication Information:
New York : McGraw-Hill, c2013.
Physical Description:
xv, 443 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.
Contents:
1.The Small Groups in Everyone's Life -- Central Message -- Study Objectives -- What Is Sinai! Group Discussion? -- Types of Small Groups -- Activity Groups -- Personal Growth Groups -- Educational Groups -- Problem-Solving Groups -- Committees -- Quality Control Circles -- Self-Managed Work Groups -- Top Management Teams (TMTs) -- Ethical Behavior of Group Members -- Questions for Review -- Key Terms -- Bibliography -- Notes -- 2.Human Communication Processes in the Small Group Context -- Central Message -- Study Objectives -- The Small Group Context -- Small Group Communication -- Principles of Communication -- Listening and Responding During Discussions -- Listening Preferences -- Effective Listening in the Small Group -- Computer-Mediated Communication and Face-to-Face Communication in Small Groups -- Nonverbal Behavior in Small Group Communication -- Types of Nonverbal Behaviors -- Physical Appearance -- Space and Seating -- Eye Contact --
Facial Expressions -- Movements -- Vocal Cues -- Time Cues -- Touch -- Questions for Review -- Key Terms -- Bibliography -- Notes -- 3.The Small Group as a System -- Central Message -- Study Objectives -- The Systems Perspective -- Principles of a System -- Variables of a System -- A System and Its Environment -- The Bona Fide Group Perspective -- Bona Fide Virtual Groups -- Communicating Across Boundaries -- Questions for Review -- Key Terms -- Bibliography -- Notes -- 4.Diversity and the Effects of Culture -- Central Message -- Study Objectives -- What Is Culture? -- Cultural Characteristics That Affect Communication -- Individualism[–]Collectivism -- Power Distance -- Uncertainty Avoidance -- Masculinity[–]Femininity -- Low- and High-Context Communication -- Communication Challenges Posed by Co-Cultures -- Co-Cultural Differences Based on Race -- Co-Cultural Differences Based on Sex -- Co-Cultural Differences Based on Age --
Co-Cultural Differences Based on Socioeconomic Class -- Deep Diversity and Learning to Work Together -- Challenges for Co-Cultural Group Members -- Behaving Ethically in Intercultural Interactions -- Questions for Review -- Key Terms -- Bibliography -- Notes -- 5.The Members and Their Roles -- Central Message -- Study Objectives -- Group Size -- Personal Traits -- Communication Apprehension -- Cognitive Complexity -- Self-Monitoring -- Preference for Procedural Order -- Personality Characteristics -- The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator® -- Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness to Experience -- Development of Group Roles -- Formal Versus Informal Roles -- Role Emergence -- Classifying Group Roles -- Task Functions -- Maintenance (Relationship-Oriented) Functions -- Self-Centered Functions -- Role Management Across Groups -- Questions for Review -- Key Terms -- Bibliography -- Notes --
6.Communication and Group Culture: Tensions, Fantasy, Socialization, Norms, and Climate -- Central Message -- Study Objectives -- The Interplay Between Communication and Group Culture -- Structuration Theory and Group Culture -- Negotiating Task and Social Dimensions of Group Culture -- Primary and Secondary Tension -- Status Hierarchy -- Fantasy Themes -- Group Socialization of Members -- Phases of Group Socialization -- Development of Group Rules and Norms -- Changing a Norm -- Development of a Group's Climate -- Cohesiveness -- Building Cohesiveness in Virtual Teams -- Supportiveness -- Teambuilding -- Questions for Review -- Key Terms -- Bibliography -- Notes -- 7.Leading Small Groups: Theoretical Perspectives -- Central Message -- Study Objectives -- Leadership and Leaders -- Leadership -- Sources of Influence (Power) -- Leaders -- Leadership Emergence -- Personal Characteristics of Emergent Leaders -- Leadership Emergence in Virtual Groups --
Traditional Approaches to Leadership -- Traits Approaches -- Styles Approaches -- Contemporary Approaches to Leadership -- Functions Approach -- Contingency Approaches -- Fiedler's Contingency Model -- Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Model -- The Communicative Competencies Approach -- Leadership Competencies in Virtual Groups -- The Relationship Between Leaders and Followers -- Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Model -- Transformational Leadership -- Distributed Leadership and the Leader as Completer -- Questions for Review -- Key Terms -- Bibliography -- Notes -- 8.Leading Small Groups: Practical Tips -- Central Message -- Study Objectives -- Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs -- Administrative Duties -- Assembling the Group -- Planning for Meetings -- Following Up on Meetings -- Liaison -- Managing Written Communication for a Group -- Administrative Duties for Virtual Groups -- Leading Discussions -- Opening Remarks --
Regulating and Structuring Discussions -- Equalizing Opportunity to Participate -- Stimulating Creative Thinking -- Stimulating Critical Thinking -- Fostering Meeting-to-Meeting Improvement -- Leading Discussions in Virtual Groups -- Developing the Group -- Helping Individuals Grow -- Establishing and Maintaining Trust -- Promoting Teamwork and Cooperation -- Developing Virtual Groups -- Ethical Principles for Group Leaders -- Questions for Review -- Key Terms -- Bibliography -- Notes -- 9.Problem Solving and Decision Making in Groups: Theoretical Perspectives -- Central Message -- Study Objectives -- Problem Solving and Decision Making -- Group Versus Individual Problem Solving and Decision Making -- Factors Affecting Quality of Group Outputs -- The Need for Structure in Group Problem Solving -- The Functional Perspective of Group Problem Solving and Decision Making -- Starting Out Right: Addressing the Charge, Type of Question, and Criteria --
Understanding the Charge and Area of Freedom -- Understanding the Type of Questions to Be Addressed -- Discussing Criteria for Evaluating Solutions -- Understanding How the Group's Decision Will Be Made -- Decision Making by the Leader -- Decision Making by the Leader in Consultation with Members -- Decision Making by Majority Vote -- Decision Making by Consensus -- Understanding Phasic Progression During Decision Making -- Fisher's Model of Group Phases -- Orientation -- Conflict -- Decision Emergence -- Reinforcement -- Promoting Critical Thinking -- Evaluating Information -- Distinguishing Between Facts and Inferences -- Evaluating Survey and Statistical Data -- Evaluating the Sources and Implications of Opinions -- Evaluating Reasoning -- Overgeneralizing -- Ad Hominem Attacks -- Suggesting Inappropriate Causal Relationships -- False Dilemmas -- Faulty Analogies -- Evaluating Information and Reasoning from the World Wide Web -- Accuracy --
Authority -- Audience -- Purpose -- Recency -- Coverage -- Understanding What Can Go Wrong During Decision Making -- Hidden Profiles -- Group Polarization -- Groupthink -- Questions for Review -- Key Terms -- Bibliography -- Notes -- 10.Problem Solving and Decision Making in Groups: Practical Tips and Techniques -- Central Message -- Study Objectives -- Using Problem-Solving Guidelines -- The Procedural Model of Problem Solving (P-MOPS) -- The Single Question Format -- The Ideal Solution Format -- Using P-MOPS to Address Complex Problems -- Step 1 of P-MOPS: Problem Description and Analysis -- Identify Problems to Work On -- Focus on the Problem -- State the Problem Appropriately -- Map the Problem -- Step 2 of P-MOPS: Generating and Elaborating on Possible Solutions -- Using Brainstorming to Discover Alternatives -- Step 3 of P-MOPS: Evaluating Possible Solutions -- Establish a Collaborative Climate for Evaluation --
Establish Norms That Promote Critical Thinking -- Step 4 of P-MOPS: Consensus Decision Making -- Suggestions for Achieving Consensus -- Second-Guess the Tentative Choice Before Fully Committing to It -- Step 5 of P-MOPS: Implementing the Solution Chosen -- Use PERT to Keep Track of Implementation Details -- Tailoring P-MOPS to Fit a Specific Problem -- Problem Characteristics -- Using Technology to Help a Group's Problem Solving and Decision Making -- General Tools -- Computer Technology Designed for Group Problem Solving -- Question for Review -- Key Terms -- Bibliography -- Notes -- 11.Managing Conflict in the Small Group -- Central Message -- Study Objectives -- A Definition of Conflict -- Positive and Negative Outcomes of Conflict -- Benefits of Conflict -- Negative Effects of Conflict -- Expressing Disagreement in a Group -- Types of Conflict -- Task Conflict -- Relationship Conflict -- Process Conflict -- Conflict over Inequity --
Managing Conflict -- Basic Approaches Toward Conflict Management -- Conflict Management Styles and Tactics -- Avoidance -- Accommodation -- Competition -- Collaboration -- Compromise -- Expressing Disagreement Ethically -- Cultural Factors in Conflict -- Negotiating Principled Agreement -- When Negotiation Fails: Alternative Procedures -- Mediation by the Leader -- Voting -- Forcing -- Third-Party Arbitration -- Questions for Review -- Key terms -- Bibliography -- Notes -- 12.Tools for Assessing and Evaluating Groups -- Central Message -- Study Objectives -- Internal Assessment: Members Evaluate the Group -- Self-Assessment -- Member and Group Assessment -- Calling for Outside Help: The Consultant -- Practice First -- Reminding -- Teaching -- Critiquing -- Giving Feedback -- Planning the Consultation -- Ethical Principles for Consultants -- More Instruments for Observing and Consulting -- Verbal Interaction Analysis -- Content Analysis --
SYMLOG: Drawing a Snapshot of a Group -- Questions for Review -- Key Terms -- Bibliography -- Notes -- Review and Organize Your Present Stock of Information and Ideas -- Gather Information You Need -- Note Taking -- Reading: Print and Electronic Sources -- Direct Observation -- Surveys -- Individual and Group Interviews -- Focus Group Interviews -- Other Information Sources -- Evaluate the Information and Ideas You Have Collected -- Organize Your Information and Ideas -- Key Terms -- The Planning Stage -- Your Audience -- Your Occasion -- Your Purpose -- Your Subject or Topic -- Member Strengths and Fears -- Logistics -- Types of Group Oral Presentations -- Panel Discussion -- Preparing for Panel Discussions -- Symposium -- Forum Discussions -- The Organizing Stage -- Delegate Duties -- Gather Verbal and Visual Materials -- Verbal Materials -- Visual Materials -- Organize Materials and Your Presentation -- Introduction -- Body -- Conclusion --
The Presenting Stage -- Check Your Language -- Practice Aloud -- Be a Good Listener -- Inviting Public Input Using a Buzz Group Session -- Public Meetings -- Notes -- Key Terms -- Keeping in Touch between Meetings -- Collaborative Work on Documents and Projects -- Comprehensive Group Management Systems -- Real-time Meetings of Distributed Groups -- Notes.
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