pt. ONE CULTURE AND CULTURAL STUDIES -- 1.An Introduction To Cultural Studies -- Concerning This Book -- Selectivity -- The language-game of cultural studies -- Cultural studies as politics -- The Parameters Of Cultural Studies -- The Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies -- Disciplining cultural studies -- Key Concepts In Cultural Studies -- Culture and signifying practices -- Representation -- Materialism and non-reductionism -- Articulation -- Power -- Popular culture -- Texts and readers -- Subjectivity and identity -- The Intellectual Strands Of Cultural Studies -- Marxism and the centrality of class -- Capitalism -- Marxism and cultural studies -- Culturalism and structuralism -- Culture is ordinary -- Structuralism -- Deep structures of language -- Culture as `like a language' -- Poststructuralism (and postmodernism) -- Derrida: the instability of language -- Foucault and discursive practices -- Anti-essentialism -- Postmodernism --

Psychoanalysis and subjectivity -- The Freudian self -- The Oedipus complex -- The politics of difference: feminism, race and postcolonial theory -- Feminism -- Race, ethnicity and hybridity -- The New Cultural Studies Project -- Central Problems In Cultural Studies -- Language and the material -- The textual character of culture -- The location of culture -- How is cultural change possible? -- Rationality and its limits -- The character of truth -- Questions Of Methodology -- Key methodologies in cultural studies -- Ethnography -- Textual approaches -- Reception studies -- The place of theory -- Summary -- 2.Questions Of Culture And Ideology -- Culture With A Capital C: The Great And The Good In The Literary Tradition -- Leavisism -- Culture Is Ordinary -- The anthropological approach to culture -- Culturalism: Hoggart, Thompson, Williams -- The Uses Of Literacy / Richard Hoggart -- The Making Of The English Working Class / Edward Thompson --

Raymond Williams And Cultural Materialism -- High Culture/Low Culture: Aesthetics And The Collapse Of Boundaries -- A question of quality -- Form and content -- Ideological analysis -- The problem of judgement -- Mass culture: popular culture -- Culture as mass deception -- Criticisms of the Frankfurt School -- Creative consumption -- Popular culture -- The popular is political -- Culture And The Social Formation -- Marxism and the metaphor of base and superstructure -- The foundations of culture -- Culture as class power -- The specificity of culture -- Williams: totality and the variable distance of practices -- Relative autonomy and the specificity of cultural practices -- Althusser and the social formation -- Relative autonomy -- Articulation and the circuit of culture -- Two economies -- The Question Of Ideology -- Marxism and false consciousness -- Althusser and ideology -- Ideological state apparatuses -- The double character of ideology --

Althusser and cultural studies -- Gramsci, ideology and hegemony -- Cultural and ideological hegemony -- Ideology and popular culture -- The instability of hegemony -- Gramscian cultural studies -- The problems of hegemony and ideology -- Hegemony and fragmentation -- Hegemony and power -- Ideology as power -- Ideology and misrecognition -- What is ideology? -- Summary -- 3.Culture, Meaning, Knowledge: The Linguistic Turn In Cultural Studies -- Saussure and semiotics -- Signifying systems -- Cultural codes -- Barthes And Mythology -- `Myth today' -- Polysemic signs -- Poststructuralism and intertextuality -- Derrida: Textuality And Differance -- Nothing but signs -- Differance -- Derrida's postcards -- Strategies of writing -- Deconstruction -- Derrida and cultural studies -- Foucault: Discourse, Practice And Power -- Discursive practices -- Discourse and discipline -- The productivity of power -- The subjects of discourse --

Post-Marxism And The Discursive Construction Of The `Social' -- Deconstructing Marxism -- The articulated social -- Language And Psychoanalysis: Lacan -- The mirror phase -- The symbolic order -- The unconscious as `like a language' -- Problems with Lacan -- Language As Use: Wittgenstein And Rorty -- Wittgenstein's investigations -- Language as a tool -- Language-games -- Lyotard and incommensurability -- Rorty and the contingency of language -- Anti-representationalism -- Truth as social commendation -- Describing and evaluating -- Culture as conversation -- Discourse And The Material -- Indissolubility -- Languages for purposes -- Summary -- 4.Biology, The Body And Culture -- The Problem Of Reductionism -- Forms of reduction -- Holism -- The Capabilities Of Science -- Languages for purposes -- The Cultured Body -- A body of theory -- The medical body -- Genetic Engineering -- The ethical controversy -- Research within cultural studies --

The Evolved Body Of Biology -- Natural selection and the place of genes -- Evolutionary Culture -- Evolutionary psychology -- The evolved brain -- Some implications for cultural studies -- Biology And Culture: The Case Of Emotions -- Understanding emotion -- Evolution and emotion -- The emotional brain -- Cognition, culture and emotion -- The cultural construction of emotion -- The circuit of emotion -- Emotion as experience -- Identity and emotion -- The happiness movement -- Culture and happiness -- Cultural studies, happiness and power -- Meme Theory -- Summary -- pt. TWO THE CHANGING CONTEXT OF CULTURAL STUDIES -- 5.A New World Disorder? -- Economy, Technology And Social Class -- Fordism -- Post-Fordism -- Reorganizing labour -- Neo-Fordism -- `New Times' -- Post-industrial society and the reconfiguration of class identities -- The rise of the service class -- Disorganized capitalism -- Organized capitalism --

Deconcentration and deindustrialization -- Patterns of consumption -- Postmodernization -- The question of determination -- Globalization -- The dynamism of modernity -- Global economic flows -- Global cultural flows -- Disjunctive flows -- Homogenization and fragmentation -- Cultural imperialism and its critics -- Hybridity and complex cultural flows -- Glocalization -- Creolization -- Globalization and power -- Modernity as loss -- Global Climate Change -- Cultural studies and climate change -- The State, Politics And New Social Movements -- The decline of the nation-state and the end of history? -- Form and competence -- Autonomy -- Legitimation -- The end of history? -- New Social Movements -- Displacing class? -- Life-politics -- Symbolic communities -- Summary -- 6.Enter Postmodernism -- Defining The Terms -- The Institutions Of Modernity -- The Industrial Revolution -- Surveillance -- The dynamism of capitalist modernity --

The nation-state and military power -- Modernism And Culture -- Modernism as a cultural experience -- Risk, doubt and reflexivity -- The flaneur -- The dark side of modernity -- Modernism as aesthetic style -- The problems of realism -- Fragmentation and the universal -- The cultural politics of modernism -- Modernisms -- Modern And Postmodern Knowledge -- The enlightenment project -- Scientific management -- Marxism as enlightenment philosophy -- Scientific laws and the principle of doubt -- The critique of the enlightenment -- Foucault -- Postmodernism as the end of grand narratives -- The end of epistemology -- Relativism or positionality? -- The promise of postmodernism (or modernity as an unfinished project?) -- Politics without foundations -- Modernity as an unfinished project -- The public sphere -- A normative project -- Postmodern Culture -- The reflexive postmodern -- Postmodernism and the collapse of cultural boundaries --

Bricolage and intertextuality -- The aestheticization of everyday life -- Postmodern aesthetics in television -- Postmodern detectives and gangsters -- The cartoon postmodern -- Culture jamming -- Subverting adverts -- Evaluating postmodern culture -- Depthless culture -- Implosions and simulations -- The cultural style of late capitalism -- Transgressive postmodernism -- Summary -- pt. THREE SITES OF CULTURAL STUDIES -- 7.Issues Of Subjectivity And Identity -- Subjectivity And Identity -- Personhood as a cultural production -- Essentialism and anti-essentialism -- Self-identity as a project -- Social identities -- The Fracturing Of Identity -- The enlightenment subject -- The sociological subject -- The postmodern subject -- Social theory and the fractured subject -- The historical subject of Marxism -- Psychoanalysis and subjectivity -- Feminism and difference -- Language and identity -- The Foucauldian subject -- The articulated self --

Anti-essentialism and cultural identity -- The articulation of identities -- Sites of interaction -- Posthumanism -- Agency And The Politics Of Identity -- The question of agency -- Foucault and the problem of agency -- Giddens and structuration theory -- The duality of structure -- The concept of agency -- Agency as making a difference -- Choice and determination -- Modes of discourse -- Originality -- Innovation and change -- Anti-Essentialism, Feminism And The Politics Of Identity -- Biology as discourse -- Sex and gender -- Is a universal feminism possible? -- The project of feminism -- Creating `new languages' -- Challenging the critique of identity -- Strategic essentialism -- Summary -- 8.Ethnicity, Race And Nation -- Race And Ethnicity -- Racialization -- Different racisms -- The concept of ethnicity -- Ethnicity and power -- National Identities -- The nation-state -- Narratives of unity -- The imagined community -- Criticisms of Anderson --

Diaspora And Hybrid Identities -- The idea of diaspora -- The Black Atlantic -- Types of hybridity -- The hybridity of all culture -- Hybridity and British Asians -- From `sojourners to settlers' -- Switching cultural codes -- Multiple identities -- Intersections and boundary crossings -- Weaving the patterns of identity -- Race, Ethnicity, Representation -- Savages and slaves -- Plantation images -- The criminalization of black Britons -- Orientalism -- Television and the representation of race and ethnicity -- Whites only -- Stereotyped representations -- Signs of change -- Menace to society -- Assimilationist strategies -- The ambiguities of representation -- The new ghetto aesthetic -- EastEnders -- I'll Fly Away -- Race and the Internet -- The question of positive images -- Postcolonial literature -- Models of postcolonial literature -- Domination and subordination -- Hybridization and creolization -- Summary --

9.Sex, Subjectivity And Representation -- Feminism And Cultural Studies -- Patriarchy, equality and difference -- Liberal and socialist feminism -- Difference feminism -- Black and postcolonial feminism -- Poststructuralist feminism -- Postfeminism -- Sex, Gender And Identity -- The science of sex -- Women's difference -- Irigaray and womanspeak -- The social construction of sex and gender -- Sex as a discursive construct -- Sexed Subjects -- Foucault: subjectivity and sexuality -- Sex and the discursive construction of the body -- The feminist critique of Foucault -- Ethics and agency -- Psychoanalysis, feminism and sexed subjectivity -- Regulating sexuality -- Chodorow: masculinity and femininity -- Phallocentric psychoanalysis -- Julia Kristeva: the semiotic and the symbolic -- Judith Butler: between Foucault and psychoanalysis -- The performativity of sex -- Identification and abjection -- Drag: recasting the symbolic --

The discipline and the fiction of identity -- Men And Masculinity -- Problematic masculinity -- The roots of male addiction -- The betrayal of the modern man -- Gender, Representation And Media Culture -- Images of women -- The bitch, the witch and the matriarch -- Affirmation and denial -- Women of Bollywood -- The Taming of the Shrew -- The problem of accuracy -- Subject positions and the politics of representation -- The slender body -- The independent mother -- Madonna's performance -- Raunch culture -- Gender in cyberspace -- The question of audiences -- Summary -- 10.Television, Texts And Audiences -- Television As Text: News And Ideology -- Putting reality together -- The manipulative model -- The pluralist model -- The hegemonic model -- Agenda setting -- Gulf War news -- Presentational styles -- Social Media And News Reporting -- Changes in conventional media -- Twittering in Iran -- Social media and the US presidential election -- Comedy news --

Television As Text: Soap Opera As Popular Television -- Soap opera as a genre -- Women and soap opera -- Soap opera and the public sphere -- The Active Audience -- Encoding-decoding -- The Nationwide audience -- Watching Dallas -- Online fans -- Fandom -- Ideology and resistance -- Television Audiences And Cultural Identity -- The export of meaning -- Localizing the global -- Audiences, space and identity -- Family space and global space -- The Globalization Of Television -- The political economy of global television -- Synergy and television ownership -- Deregulation and reregulation -- Global Electronic Culture -- Media imperialism -- Regionalization -- The global and the local -- Global postmodern culture -- Consumer culture -- Hyperreality and TV simulations -- Creative consumption -- When TV's Not On The Telly -- Summary -- 11.Digital Media Culture -- Digital Media -- Digital divides -- Cyberutopia -- Information bomb -- Cyberspace And Democracy --

The democratic vision -- Intertextual hypertext -- Web 2.0 participation -- `We can be heroes' -- Remix culture -- Cyberactivism -- Meme wars -- The limitations to cyber democracy -- Cyber capitalism -- Intellectual property -- Creative Commons -- Democracy in the balance -- Computer Gaming -- Research paths -- Addicted to games -- Gaming and identity -- Cyberspace race -- Playing multiple identities -- Cyberfeminism -- Cyborg manifesto -- Representation and regulation -- Women on the Internet -- The Global Economy Of Cyberspace -- The information economy -- Private space -- Convergence and the mobile phone -- The mobile phone -- Digital imperialism -- Summary -- 12.Cultural Space And Urban Place -- Space And Place In Contemporary Theory -- Time-geography -- Time-space -- Space and place -- The social construction of place -- Gendered space -- The multiple spaces of Lagos -- Cities As Places -- Rural cultural studies -- The Chicago School --

Criticisms of urban studies -- Political Economy And The Global City -- Capitalism and the urban environment -- Global cities -- The post-industrial global city -- The Symbolic Economy Of Cities -- Cultural economics -- The creative industries -- The rise of the creative class -- Privatizing public space -- The public culture of private elites -- Disney: fantasy and surveillance -- The Postmodern City -- Postmodern urbanization -- Urban change: suburbs and edge cities -- Urban unrest -- Fortress LA -- The excitement of the city -- Cyberspace And The City -- Electronic urban networks -- The informational city -- The virtual city -- Electronic homes in global space -- The City As Text -- Classified spaces -- The city which is not one -- Summary -- 13.Youth, Style And Resistance -- The Emergence Of Youth -- Youth as moratorium -- Youth as a cultural classification -- The ambiguity of youth -- Trouble and fun -- Youth Subcultures -- Subterranean values --

Magical solutions -- Homologies -- Motorbike boys -- Resistance through rituals -- The double articulation of youth -- Skinheads and the reinvention of class -- Signs of style -- Critiques of subcultural theory -- Youthful Difference: Class, Gender, Race -- The self-damnation of the working class -- Gendered youth -- Another space for girls -- Racialized youth -- The artifice of black hair -- Space: a global youth culture? -- Rapping and raving around the globe -- Syncretic global youth -- Global Youth Online -- Japanese anime fandom -- Pro-ana online communities -- After Subcultures -- Media spotlights -- Media devils and subcultural hero(in)es -- Postmodernism: the end of authenticity -- Postmodern bricoleurs -- Claims to authenticity -- Distinctions of taste -- Creative Consumption -- Common culture -- Resistance Revisited -- Resistance is conjunctural -- Resistance as defence -- Inside the whale -- Hiding in the light -- Tactics and strategies --

Banality in cultural studies -- Resistance: the normative stance of cultural critics -- Summary -- 14.Cultural Politics And Cultural Policy -- Cultural Studies And Cultural Politics -- Naming as cultural politics -- Cultural Politics: The Influence Of Gramsci -- Winning hegemony -- The role of intellectuals -- Cultural studies as a political project -- Gramscian texts -- The Cultural Politics Of Difference -- New languages of cultural politics -- The politics of articulation -- No class-belonging -- The `cut' in language -- Difference, Ethnicity And The Politics Of Representation -- Invisibility and namelessness -- Positive images -- Multiculturalism and anti-racism -- The politics of representation -- Difference, Citizenship And The Public Sphere -- Habermas and the public sphere -- The democratic tradition -- Radical democracy -- Questioning Cultural Studies -- The critique of cultural populism -- A multiperspectival approach --

The circuit of culture -- The Cultural Policy Debate -- Redirecting the cultural studies project -- Governmentality -- Culture and power -- Foucault or Gramsci? -- Policy and the problem of values -- Shirting the command metaphors of cultural studies -- The horizon of the thinkable -- Criticism and policy -- Neo-Pragimatism And Cultural Studies -- Pragmatism and cultural studies -- Richard Rorty: politics without foundations -- Anti-representationalism -- Anti-foundationalism -- Contingency, irony, solidarity -- Truth as social commendation -- Forging new languages -- Prophetic pragmatism -- Private identities and public politics -- The implications of pragmatism for cultural studies -- Summary.