1. The homicide crime scene -- The five components of practical homicide investigation -- The crime scene -- At the crime scene -- The homicide investigation starts at the crime scene -- Determining the dimensions of the homicide crime scene -- Protecting the crime scene -- The crime scene sign-in sheet -- The preliminary investigation at the primary crime scene -- Victimology -- Equivocal death investigations -- The staged crime scene -- Introduction -- Types of crime scene staging -- Example of homicide made to appear an accident -- Examples of a homicide made to appear sex related -- Conclusion -- Investigative strategies -- Selected reading.

2. First officer's duties : general -- Notification of a possible homicide : the official notification to the police -- First notification of homicide received in person by patrol officer -- First officer's duties on arrival at the scene -- Protection of life -- Safeguarding the scene and detaining witnesses or suspects -- The first officer initiates the homicide investigation -- Dealing with emergencies at the scene -- Conclusion -- Selected reading.

3. First officer's duties : specific -- The suspect in custody -- Transporting the suspect -- Examination of the suspect for evidence -- The dying declaration -- The victim removed to the hospital -- The victim pronounced DOA at the hospital -- The officer's duties at the hospital -- The victim confirmed DOA at the scene -- Handling witnesses at the scene -- Additional officers at the scene -- Handling news media personnel at the scene -- The documentation of events by the first office -- The changing sequence of command -- Patrol office's checklist -- Initial call/receipt of information -- Arrival at the homicide crime scene -- Protection of the crime scene -- Notifications -- Preliminary investigation -- Suspect in custody -- Suicide and accidental death.

4. The preliminary investigation at the scene : the detectives -- Initial receipt of information -- Arrival at the scene -- Preliminary steps to be taken by detectives upon arrival--checklist -- Describing the scene -- Implementing crime scene procedures -- Direction of uniformed personnel at the scene -- The teamwork approach -- Directing the investigation at the scene -- Duties of the detective supervisor on arrival at the scene -- Preliminary interview of the first officer -- Interview of ambulance personnel -- Handling curious onlookers -- Handling witnesses at the scene -- The canvass -- The preliminary medical examination at the scene -- Special procedure to follow in specific cases -- Case examples -- Conclusion -- Reference.

5. Specific investigative duties at the scene -- The suspect in custody -- Interview and interrogation of the suspect in custody -- Examination of a suspect for evidence -- Evaluation of the suspect's demeanor and mental capacity -- Obtaining a dying declaration -- Questions to be asked in a dying declaration -- Documentation of the dying declaration -- Handling buried-body cases -- The discovery of the buried body -- Initial response -- The excavation -- The body -- Search for a buried body -- The investigation checklist -- Documentation of the initial report -- Initial receipt of information -- Arrival at the homicide--death scene -- Preliminary inspection of the body at the crime scene -- Implementing crime scene control procedures -- Initiating a crime scene log -- Establishing a policy for crime scene integrity -- Establishing a command post or temporary headquarters -- Emergency medical service (EMS) and ambulance personnel -- Initiating a canvass -- Weapons -- The suspect in custody -- Suspect in custody : interrogation at the scene -- A.D.A.P.T. -- Documentation of crime scene photographs -- Recommended crime scene photographs -- The crime scene sketch -- The crime scene search -- Dusting for fingerprints -- Description of the deceased -- Preliminary medical examination at the scene -- Victim--hospital information -- Evidence process and control procedures -- Release of the homicide crime scene -- Suicide investigation--investigative considerations -- Evaluation of the wounds -- Psychological state of the victim -- Any prior mental disease or defect -- Recognized warning signs in suicides -- Extreme danger signs in suicides -- Autoerotic fatalities (accidental asphyxia) -- Investigative considerations -- Investigating fatal fires -- The investigative considerations -- The fire incident -- Suspicious designation : general determination factors -- Maintenance of the fire crime scene -- Investigation at the scene -- Determination of arson -- Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) -- Investigative checklist -- Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP) warning signs -- References -- Reading.

6. The crime scene photographs -- The value of crime scene photographs -- Crime scene photography and the investigator -- Admissibility of photographic evidence -- Photographing the homicide crime scene -- Outdoor locations -- Indoor locations -- The body -- Suspects -- Type of film -- Recommended crime scene photographs -- Practical application of crime scene photography -- The World Trade Center attack -- The Polaroid Macro 5 SLR camera -- The Panoscan MK-3 digital panoramic camera system -- Examples -- Videotaping -- Advantages of videotaping -- Purpose of videotaping the crime scene -- Recommended procedure -- Videotape protocol -- Arrival at scene -- Taping protocol -- Videotaping suspect statements -- Conclusion -- References -- Selected reading.

7. The crime scene sketch -- The sketch -- Preparing the crime scene sketch -- Utilizing aerial photographs for mapping outdoor crime scenes -- The "total station" crime scene reconstruction program -- Definition -- Operation -- Practical application -- Reference -- Selected reading.

8. The homicide crime scene search -- Legal considerations -- Warrantless searches where suspect shares possessory right to premises -- Practical example of reasonableness : offices arriving at scene of violent crime -- Physical evidence -- Types of physical evidence -- The concept of linkage -- Methods of crime scene search -- Formulating the search -- The homicide kit -- Crime scene integrity kit -- Evidence collection tools -- Fingerprint kit -- Photography kit -- Sketching and mapping kit -- Casting kit -- Evidence collection containers -- Lasers and alternate light sources (ALS) -- The search -- Examination of the body at the scene -- Bloodstain pattern analysis -- Release of the body -- The scene -- Processing a vehicle (see chapter 17) -- Examining the outdoor scene -- Examples of evidence found outdoors -- Examination of an outdoor scene at night -- Physical examination of a suspect in custody -- Gunshot residue testing -- Release of the scene -- Crime scene process protective equipment and clothing -- Antiputrefaction masks -- Crime scene protocol for protection from airborne pathogens and other biohazards -- Communicable diseases : required precautions -- Decontamination of equipment -- Decontamination of clothing -- Precautions -- Prevention -- Exposure of first responders -- Exposure to blood-borne diseases -- Infection control techniques -- Universal precautions -- Body substance isolation -- Exposure treatment -- Conclusion -- References -- Selected reading.

9. Estimating time of death -- The process of dying -- Body changes after death -- External agents of change -- Insects -- Plants -- Animals -- Bodies in water -- Information derived from the scene -- Conclusion -- Selected reading.

10. The identity of the deceased -- The identification -- Identification at the scene -- Personal identification -- Clothing and possessions -- Identification by photographs -- Description of the body -- Clothing -- Jewelry and watches -- Fingerprints -- Obtaining fingerprints from dead bodies -- Mass fatality events -- The World Trace Center attack -- Mass fatality considerations -- DNA testing in the identification of WTC victims -- The Iceman case -- Dr. Zugibe's medical evaluation -- Forensic evaluation -- The teeth -- Age -- General facial characteristics -- Race -- Socioeconomic group -- Occupation or habits -- Positive identification -- Bite-mark identification -- Inquiries relative to forensic odontology -- The bones -- Age -- Sex -- Race -- Height and other individual characteristics -- Determination of cause of death -- Determination of whether bones are human or animal -- Examination of bones -- Facial reconstruction -- Forensic art -- Introduction to forensic art -- Four categories of forensic art -- Forensic art in identification of human remains -- Postmortem drawing -- Two-dimensional facial reconstruction from the skull -- Three-dimensional facial reconstruction on the skull -- Methods of superimposition -- Conclusion -- References -- Selected reading.

11. Death notifications : the surviving family as secondary victims -- Psychological reactions to death -- The normal grieving process -- The stages of grief -- Psychological reactions to murder -- Psychological reactions to murdered children -- Psychological reactions to the murder of police officers -- Notifications of death by the homicide detective -- Recommendations and guildelines for proper death notifications to surviving family members -- Providing information to the surviving family -- Guiding the surviving family through the criminal justice system -- Conclusion -- Victim's assistance organizations -- References -- Selected reading.

12. Modes of death -- Gunshot wounds -- The projectile striking the body -- The nature and extent of gunshot wounds -- Smudging or smoke -- Searing -- Tattooing or stippling -- Reentry -- Ricocheting -- Shotgun wounds -- Contact wounds -- Bullet track -- Cutting wounds -- Stabbing wounds -- Blunt force injuries -- Lacerations -- Chopping wounds -- Deaths by asphyxia -- Strangulation -- Investigative considerations -- Hanging -- Drowning -- Inhalation of poison gases -- Suffocation -- General forms of suffocation -- Deaths by fire -- Severity of burn injuries -- Investigative considerations -- Scalding burns -- Arson -- Poisons -- Deaths caused by injections -- Sexual asphyxia : the phenomenon of autoerotic fatalities -- Introduction -- Preliminary investigation at the scene -- Atypical autoerotic deaths -- Asphyxial deaths--the pathology of autoerotic death -- The reality of asphyxial death--videotaped cases -- Equivocal death investigations -- Sexual asphyxia--the psychosexual aspects of autoerotic activity -- Female victims of autoerotic fatality -- Equivocal death investigation -- Crime scene -- The victim -- Investigative considerations -- Opinion -- Results -- Notifying and advising the surviving family of the mode of death -- Investigative considerations -- Determining the involvement of sexual asphyxia : autoerotic checklist -- Summary -- References -- Selected reading.

13. Suicide investigation -- Risk factors -- Depression : a clinical perspective -- Emotional symptoms -- Cognitive symptoms -- Motivational symptoms -- Somatic symptoms -- Clinical scenario -- Other motives for suicide -- The investigation -- Staging a scene -- Investigative considerations -- The weapon -- Wounds -- Medicolegal analysis -- Summary -- Bizarre suicides -- Suicide by blasting cap -- Suicide by fireplace -- Attempted suicide--self-mutilation -- Barrel of gun in suicide victim's head -- Equivocal death investigations -- Motives and intent -- Suicide notes -- Background information -- Psychological autopsy -- Warning signs -- Extreme danger signs -- Investigative considerations -- Evaluation of the wounds -- Psychological state of the victim -- Any prior mental disease or defect -- Final exit suicide investigations -- Introduction -- Synopsis of contents -- Investigative considerations -- Letters to be written -- Police investigation -- Self-deliverance via the plastic bag -- Police investigation -- The final act -- Police investigation -- Investigative checklist for final exit cases -- Recommendations -- Conclusion -- Staged crime scenes involving final exit -- Suicide-by-cop -- Introduction -- Example -- Early example -- Clinical interpretations -- The psychopathology of suicide-by-cop scenarios -- Hostage situations -- Psychological ramifications for police offices involved in suicide-by-cop incidents -- The racial component in police-related shooting incidents -- Investigative considerations -- References -- Selected reading.

14. The investigation of sex-related homicides -- Introduction -- The crime scene investigation -- Sex-related crime scene checklist -- Method for diagnosing abrasions, lacerations, and other skin disruptions in the perineum and perianal areas -- Human sexuality and sexual deviance -- Determining motivation -- Significance of fantasy in sex-related incidents -- Organized and disorganized offenders -- The organized offender -- The disorganized offender -- Classifications -- Interpersonal violence-oriented disputes and assaults -- Rape- and/or sodomy-oriented assault -- Investigative strategy -- Categories of rapists -- Deviant-oriented assault--the lust murder -- Anatomy of lust murder -- Psychodynamics -- The serial murder -- The serial killer profile -- Organized serial killer activities -- Disorganized serial killer activities -- Serial murder investigation -- Command responsibility -- Linkage blindness -- Typical serial killer murder task force -- The typical serial killer -- Three main methods used to link murders -- Investigative considerations -- A clinical perspective -- Conclusion -- References -- Selected reading.

15. Homosexual homicides -- Introduction -- Homosexual relationships -- Homosexual lifestyles--investigative considerations -- Interpersonal violence-oriented disputes and assaults -- Murders involving forced anal rape and/or sodomy -- Lust murders and other acts of sexual perversion -- Homosexual serial murders -- Investigative significance -- Psychological considerations -- Robbery-homicide of homosexuals -- Homophobic assault and "gay-bashing" incidents -- Conclusion -- References -- Selected reading.

16. Forensic application of DNA analysis -- Introduction -- Deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA -- The cell -- Molecular biology of the cell -- Structure and function of DNA -- Nuclear DNA -- Y-chromosomal DNA -- Mitochondrial DNA -- Techniques and procedures in forensic DNA analysis -- Collection and preservation of biological evidence -- Scheduling analysis -- DNA extraction -- Differential DNA extraction -- DNA quantification -- DNA amplification (polymerase chain reaction) -- Multiplex PCR analysis -- STR multiplex PCR analysis -- Amplification of mtDNA -- DNA detection and analysis -- STR DNA analysis -- mtDNA analysis -- STR DNA databases -- Population statistics -- CODIS -- National missing persons DNA database -- The choice of analysis -- Admissibility of DNA evidence -- Laboratory accreditation -- Forensic DNA case studies -- Victim identification -- Conclusion -- References -- Selected reading.

17. Collection of evidence -- Procedures for collection of evidence -- General types of evidence -- Classifications of physical evidence -- Class evidence -- Individualistic evidence -- Collection of specific types of evidence -- Body materials -- Blood -- Semen -- Urine -- Saliva or spittle -- Feces -- Vomit -- Tissue -- Hair -- Objects -- Bullets -- Discharged casings or cartridges -- Shotgun shells -- Live cartridges or rounds of ammunition -- Shotgun wadding -- Weapons -- Firearms -- Fibers -- Fabric -- Cigarette/cigar butts -- Displaced furniture -- Soil -- Tools -- Vehicles -- Clothing -- Documents (letters, notes, papers) -- Glass -- Impressions -- Fingerprint examination -- Tire tracks and footprints -- Tool marks -- Bite marks -- Bullet holes -- Newly damaged areas -- References -- Selected reading.

18. The autopsy -- The medical examiner/coroner -- Investigation of death -- Cause, mechanism, and manner of death -- Practical application of terminology -- Purpose of the autopsy -- Investigative information provided by the autopsy -- The medicolegal autopsy -- Examination of the crime scene -- Identification of the body -- External examination of the body -- Preliminary procedure -- The external examination -- Internal examination of the body -- The head -- The chest -- The abdomen -- The pelvic cavity -- The protocol -- Summary -- Human anatomy -- Directional terms -- Body cavities -- Dorsal cavity -- Ventral cavity -- Quadrants -- The skeletal system -- The heart -- References -- Selected reading.

19. The news media in homicide investigations -- Establishing a news media policy -- Building a relationship with the news media -- Homicide news release policy -- Offering rewards -- Handling the news media at the scene -- Preparing the news release -- Handling questions during news conferences -- Conclusion -- Selected reading.

20. Identification of suspects -- Bite-mark identification -- The bite mark -- Collection of bite-mark evidence at the scene -- Photographs of the bite-mark wound -- Saliva washings -- Interpretation of the bite-mark evidence -- Examination of the bite mark -- Summary-- Hypnosis -- What is hypnosis? -- Psychodynamics -- Value to the investigator -- Shortcomings of hypnosis -- Summary -- Latent prints on human skin -- General considerations -- Procedures -- Fingerprint from human skin using the Magna-brush technique -- Polygraph examinations -- The examination -- Possible subjects for polygraph examinations -- Subjects that cannot be tested -- Investigator's duties prior to the examination -- Polygraph procedures -- Summary -- Psycholinguistics -- What is psycholinguistic analysis? -- Methodology -- Psycholinguistics as an investigative tool -- Utilizing psycholinguistic analysis -- Summary -- Psychics -- What is a psychic? -- Police and psychics -- Summary -- Munchausen syndrome by proxy -- Introduction -- Munchausen syndrome--history and application -- Munchausen syndrome by proxy--history and application -- The investigative response -- Team approach -- Collection of evidence -- Interviewing the Munchausen syndrome-related offender -- Summary -- Homicides involving theft of a fetus -- Introduction -- Infant abductions--infant cut from mother's womb -- Case 1 -- Case 2 -- Case 3 -- Case 4 -- Case 5 -- Case 6 -- Case 7 -- Attempted theft of fetus offender killed by victim mother -- Case 8 -- Attempt theft of fetus--offender arrested -- Case 9 -- Investigative assessment and analysis -- The offender profile -- Offender motive -- Abduction investigative strategies -- Police response -- Detective response -- Additional information -- Summary -- Stalkers -- Introduction -- Stalkers -- Orders of protection -- Anti-stalker legislation -- Types of stalkers -- The psychopathic personality stalker -- The psychotic personality stalker -- Erotomania involving obsessed fans and stalkers -- Law enforcement response to stalker incidents -- Summary -- VICAP, statewide and regional information systems -- The Violent Criminal Apprehension Program--VICAP -- Profiling and consultation program -- The regional organized crime information center -- Submission of cases -- The homicide investigation and tracking system-- Acknowledgments -- References -- Selected reading -- Bite mark identification -- Hypnosis -- Latent prints on human skin -- Psycholinguistics -- Psychics -- Munchausen syndrome by proxy -- Stalkers -- VICAP, state-wide and regional information systems.

21. Investigative assessment : criminal personality profiling -- Introduction -- History of profiling -- Application of abnormal psychology -- Criminal personality profile -- The purpose of the profile -- When profiling can be productive -- Factors that can be determined by a criminal personality profile -- The investigative approach to profiling -- Investigative assessment--the profiling process -- Clinical considerations and descriptions of behavior -- The psychopathic personality -- Psychotic personality (the psychosis) -- Sexual sadism (302.84 DSM-IV) -- Psychopathic sexual sadists -- Crime scene and profile : characteristics of organized and disorganized murderers -- The organized offender -- General behavior characteristics -- Ted Bundy : serial killer--offender profile -- Offender profile program -- Background -- Investigative analysis -- Postcrime behavior -- Conclusion -- Additional information on Ted Bundy -- Investigative considerations -- John Robinson serial murder case -- Overland Park Police information -- Missing persons' cases -- Lenexa Police investigation -- Tactics -- Background information -- Investigative information -- Internet information -- Additional information -- Robinson, the "slave master" -- Vickie -- Jeanna -- Investigative break -- Second investigative break -- Investigative status in May 2001 -- Tactical decision -- The arrest and execution of search warrants -- Search of the Kansas storage locker -- The Linn County search -- Raymore, Missouri, storage unit -- Sheila and Debbie -- Beverly -- Task force investigation revelations -- Bizarre twist in the case -- Disposition -- Acknowledgments -- The disorganized offender -- General behavior characteristics -- Criminal personality profiling--the signature aspect in criminal investigation -- Clinical perspective -- Investigative perspective -- Linkage blindness -- Investigation application of the "signature" aspect -- Signature aspect -- Signature aspect -- Signature aspect -- The suspect -- Evidence -- Signature aspect of the crimes -- Practical examples of signature activity²¹ -- Conclusion -- Geographic profiling -- Investigative elements to consider in geographic profiling -- Investigative elements in the criminal case assessment process -- Types of crime locations -- Investigative considerations -- The police investigation -- A psychology of evil -- A model for a psychology of evil -- Conclusion -- References -- Selected reading.

22. Equivocal death investigation -- Equivocal death investigations -- Initiating the investigation -- Case number 1 : an equivocal death and staged crime scene--making a homicide appear to be a suicide -- Introduction -- The crime scene -- The police investigation -- The autopsy -- Consultative analysis -- Investigative considerations -- Victimology -- Investigative issues -- Critique of police investigation -- Forensic pathologist report -- Evaluation of the weapon and the wound structure -- Response to insurance company medical expert -- Opinion -- Case number 2 : an equivocal death investigation with staged crime scene death classified as undetermined manner -- Introduction -- The initial police investigation -- Initial detective investigation -- Initial medical examiner investigation -- Autopsy findings -- The follow-up medical examiner investigation -- The follow-up police investigation -- Investigative assessment and analysis -- Initial response -- Review of the police and medical examiner investigators' reports -- The ligature -- Victimology -- Conclusion -- Case number 3 : an equivocal death--homicide or suicide? -- Introduction -- Case facts -- U.S. Army autopsy report case# ME98-006 -- USACID position -- Second medicolegal examination requested by family -- Investigative assessment and analysis -- NYS medicolegal analysis conducted for the National Guard -- Preliminary consultative reports -- USACID follow-up -- Medical significance of the wound structures -- Review of medicolegal findings -- Final report -- Conclusion -- Opinion -- Case number 4 : staged crime scene--homicide or suicide? -- Conclusion -- References -- Selected reading.

23. Narcotics-related homicides -- Introduction -- The drug-related murder : the investigative dilemma -- The drug-related murder and the investigative reality -- The three-phase strategy -- Phase 1--the homicide crime scene -- Phase 2--the application of drug intelligence -- Phase 3--crime clearance procedures -- Conclusion -- Reference.

24. Practical homicide investigation : supervision and management of the homicide investigation -- Management policy -- Police department policy -- Criminal investigation management -- Specialization, generalization, or rotation -- Major pitfalls to practical homicide case management -- Procedures for effective management and supervision of homicide investigation -- Supervisor's homicide checklist -- Supervising the preliminary investigation at the scene -- Directing specific investigative duties -- Supervising homicide crime scene search -- Providing for the effective documentation of events -- Case management -- Documentation -- First day of investigation -- Indexing the homicide investigation -- Conducting the investigative conference -- Investigation of police-related shootings (OIS/use of deadly force incidents) -- Protocol -- I. Introduction -- II. Assigning investigative responsibility -- III. Investigation of OIS/use of deadly force incident -- IV. Interview of employees involved -- V. Taped interview of employees involved -- VI. Follow-up investigation -- VII. Background investigation -- VIII. Preparation of investigative report -- IX. Conclusion -- Checklist -- Apprehension of homicide fugitives -- Use of wanted posters -- Distribution of photographs and information flyers to patrol -- Cell phones -- Pagers -- Planning the apprehension -- Assessment of physical hazards -- The tactical plan -- The tactical operation -- Notification to central communications by land line -- Hospital -- Personnel -- Briefing -- Equipment -- Cold case investigations -- Conclusion -- Epilogue -- References -- Glossary -- Index.