Operating Systems Theory Operating System Software Machine Hardware Types of Operating Systems Brief History of Operating Systems Development 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s Memory Management, Early Systems Single-User Contiguous Scheme Fixed Partitions Dynamic Partitions Best-Fit versus First-Fit Allocation Deallocation Joining Two Free Blocks Joining Three Free Blocks Deallocating an Isolated Block Relocatable Dynamic Partitions Memory Management, Recent Systems Paged Memory Allocation Demand Paging Page Replacement Policies and Concepts First-In, First-Out Least Recently Used Mechanics of Paging Working Set Segmented Memory Allocation Segmented/Demand Paged Memory Allocation Virtual Memory Processor Management Job Scheduling Versus Process Scheduling Process Scheduler Job and Process Status Process Control Blocks PCBs and Queuing Process Scheduling Policies Process Scheduling Algorithms First-Come, First-Served Shortest Job Next Priority Scheduling Shortest Remaining Time Round Robin Multiple-Level Queues Cache Memory A Word about Interrupts Process Management Deadlock Seven Cases of Deadlock Conditions for Deadlock Modeling Deadlocks Strategies for Handling Deadlocks Starvation Concurrent Processes What Is Parallel Processing? Typical Multiprocessing Configurations Master/Slave Configuration Loosely Coupled Configuration Symmetric Configuration Process Synchronization Software Test-and-Set Wait and Signal Semaphores Process Cooperation Producers and Consumers Readers and Writers Concurrent Programming Applications of Concurrent Programming Ada Device Management System Devices Sequential Access Storage Media Direct Access Storage Devices Fixed-Head DASDs Movable-Head DASDs Optical Disc Storage Access Time Required Components of the I/O Subsystem Communication among Devices Management of I/O Requests Device Handler Seek Strategies Search Strategies: Rotational Ordering RAID File Management File Manager Responsibilities of the File Manager Interacting with the File Manager Typical Volume Configuration About Subdirectories File-Naming Conventions File Organization Record Format Physical File Organization Physical Storage Allocation Contiguous Storage Noncontiguous Storage Indexed Storage Data Compression Access Methods Sequential Access Direct Access Levels in a File Management System Access Control Verification Module Access Control Matrix Access Control Lists Capability Lists Lockwords Network Organization Concepts Network Topologies Star Ring Bus Tree Hybrid Network Types Local Area Network Metropolitan Area Network Wide Area Network Software Design Issues Addressing Conventions Routing Strategies Connection Models Conflict Resolution Transport Protocol Standards OSI Reference Model TCP/IP Model Management of Network Functions History Comparison of Network and Distributed Operating Systems DO/S Development Memory Management Process Management Device Management File Management Network Management NOS Development Important NOS Features Major NOS Functions System Management Evaluating an Operating System Operating System's Components System Security Levels of Protection Managing Systems Security Breaches System Assaults: Computer Viruses Network and Internet Assaults Ethics Measuring System Performance Measurement Tools Feedback Loops Monitoring Accounting Operating Systems in Practice MS-DOS Operating System History Design Goals Memory Management Main Memory Allocation Memory Block Allocation Processor Management Process Management Interrupt Handlers Device Management File Management File Name Conventions Managing Files User Interface Batch Files Redirection Filters Pipes Additional Commands Windows 2000 Operating System History Design Goals Extensibility Portability Reliability Compatibility Performance Memory Management User-Mode Features Virtual Memory Implementation Processor Management Device Management File Management Network Management Microsoft Networks Directory Services Security Management Security Terminology User Interface UNIX Operating System History UNIX System V A World about Linux Design Goals Memory Management Processor Management Process Table versus User Table Synchronization fork, wait, and exec Device Management Device Drivers Device Classifications File Management File Names File Directories Data Structures for Accessing Files User Interface OpenVMS Alpha Operating System History Design Goals Memory Management Pager Swapper Processor Management Process Scheduler Rescheduler Device Management File Management User Interface Command Procedure Files Redirection Additional Commands OS/390 Operating System History Design Goals Memory Management Virtual Storage Management Organization of Storage Processor Management Task Management Program Management Device Management DASD Space Management I/O Supervisor IOS Driver Virtual I/O File Management Catalog Management I/O Support Access Methods Space Allocation Security Management User Interface JCL Introduction Guide to Graphical User Interfaces ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct