Crime / Jeremy Bentham -- Becker sees criminals as rational beings who respond to reward and punishment

-- Philosophy of Punishment -- Methods of Punishment -- Philosophy of Imprisonment -- Prison and Economics

Capital punishment -- Africa, Sub-Saharan.

How criminal defences work / William Wilson -- Avoiding criminal liability and excessive punishment

and Degrading Treatment or Punishment -- The Council of Europe Framework Convention for the Protection

Theories of punishment / Strafteorieë -- Principle of legality / Legaliteitsbeginsel -- Requirement

punishment industry / Angela Y. Davis -- 27.Critical criminology and the concept of crime / Louk H.C. Hulsman

punishment of international crimes at the national and international level, including amnesties, statutes of

beliefs and intent to act / Jyotika Ramaprasad-- Crime and punishment : infidelity in telenovelas and

/ Daniel T. Wilcox -- Punishment and the rehabilitation of sex offenders : an ethical maelstrom / Tony Ward

Punishment -- United States.

ratio schedule of reinforcement -- Role of punishment in operant conditioning -- Link between spanking